hdu1870

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

    int i,top;

    char ch[1005],str[1005];

    while (scanf( "%s" ,ch)==1)

    {

        top=0;

        for (i=0;ch[i]!= '\0' ;i++)

        {

            if (ch[i]== '(' )

               str[top++]=ch[i];

               else if (ch[i]== ')' )

               top--;

               else

               break ;

        }

        printf( "%d\n" ,top);

    }

    return 0;

}