linux中的typeof使用

Another way to refer to the type of an expression is with typeof. The syntax of using of this keyword looks like sizeof, but theconstruct acts semantically like a type name defined with typedef.

There are two ways of writing the argument to typeof: with anexpression or with a type. Here is an example with an expression:

     typeof (x[0](1))

This assumes that x is an array of pointers to functions;the type described is that of the values of the functions.

Here is an example with a typename as the argument:

     typeof (int *)

Here the type described is that of pointers to int.

If you are writing a header file that must work when included in ISO Cprograms, write __typeof__ instead of typeof.

A typeof construct can be used anywhere a typedef name can beused. For example, you can use it in a declaration, in a cast, or insideof sizeof or typeof.

The operand of typeof is evaluated for its side effects if andonly if it is an expression of variably modified type or the name ofsuch a type.

typeof is often useful in conjunction withstatement expressions (see Statement Exprs). Here is how the two together canbe used to define a safe “maximum” macro which operates on anyarithmetic type and evaluates each of its arguments exactly once:

     #define max(a,b) \
       ({ typeof (a) _a = (a); \
           typeof (b) _b = (b); \
         _a > _b ? _a : _b; })

The reason for using names that start with underscores for the localvariables is to avoid conflicts with variable names that occur within theexpressions that are substituted for a and b. Eventually wehope to design a new form of declaration syntax that allows you to declarevariables whose scopes start only after their initializers; this will be amore reliable way to prevent such conflicts.

Some more examples of the use of typeof:

• This declares y with the type of what x points to.

            typeof (*x) y;
  

• This declares y as an array of such values.

            typeof (*x) y[4];
  

• This declares y as an array of pointers to characters:

            typeof (typeof (char *)[4]) y;
  

  It is equivalent to the following traditional C declaration:

            char *y[4];
  

  To see the meaning of the declaration using typeof, and why itmight be a useful way to write, rewrite it with these macros:

            #define pointer(T)  typeof(T *)
            #define array(T, N) typeof(T [N])
  

  Now the declaration can be rewritten this way:

            array (pointer (char), 4) y;
  

  Thus, array (pointer (char), 4) is the type of arrays of 4pointers to char.