Javascript 创建对象的6种方法

在Javascript开发过程中经常会遇见创建对象的时候；

下面我总结了6种常用创建对象的方法：

• 构造函数法
• 原型法
• 构造函数＋原型法
• 动态原型法
• JSON法
• create法

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1.构造函数法

其主要就是利用构造函数function来创建对象.

具体例子：

function Person(name, age, sex, phone)
{
    //prototy
    this.name  = name;
    this.age   = age;
    this.sex   = sex;
    this.phone = phone;

    //method
    this.show  = function(){
        console.log("name:" + this.name);
        console.log("age:" + this.age);
        console.log("sex:" + this.sex);
        console.log("phone:" + this.phone);
    };
};

var person1 = new Person("Li",18,"man","123456");
var person2 = new Person("Wang",18,"women","123456");

person1.show();
person2.show();

注意：里面的分隔符为分号，所有的元素，包括属性和函数前面都有this;

2.原型法

其主要就是利用prototype来创建对象

具体例子：

function Person1() {

};

Person1.prototype.name  = "Li";
Person1.prototype.age   = 18;
Person1.prototype.sex   = "man";
Person1.prototype.phone = "123456";

Person1.prototype.show = function(){
    console.log("name:" + this.name);
    console.log("age:" + this.age);
    console.log("sex:" + this.sex);
    console.log("phone:" + this.phone);
};


function Person2(){

};

Person2.prototype.name  = "Wang";
Person2.prototype.age   = 18;
Person2.prototype.sex   = "women";
Person2.prototype.phone = "123456";

Person2.prototype.show = function(){
    console.log("name:" + this.name);
    console.log("age:" + this.age);
    console.log("sex:" + this.sex);
    console.log("phone:" + this.phone);
};

var person1 = new Person1();
var person2 = new Person2();

person1.show();
person2.show();

注意：很明显，这种方法每次使用一个对象时都要创建，因为它没有构造函数进行初始化；
它的关键在于属性，还有函数都是用了prototype;

3.构造函数＋原型法

这就是上面两种方法的合并，用构造函数进行数值初始化，再利用prototype来定义函数

function Person(name, age, sex, phone)
{
    //propoty
    this.name  = name;
    this.age   = age;
    this.sex   = sex;
    this.phone = phone;

};

//method
Person.prototype.show  = function(){
    console.log("name:" + this.name);
    console.log("age:" + this.age);
    console.log("sex:" + this.sex);
    console.log("phone:" + this.phone);
};

var person1 = new Person("Li",18,"man","123456");
var person2 = new Person("Wang",18,"women","123456");

person1.show();
person2.show();

注意：function和prototype的结合；

4.动态原型法

这是原型法的进一步使用，其主要就是判断该数值或者该函数有没有被定义，如果有则不用重新定义

具体例子：

function Person(name, age, sex, phone)
{
    //propoty
    this.name  = name;
    this.age   = age;
    this.sex   = sex;
    this.phone = phone;

    //method
    if (Person.prototype.show === undefined)
    {
        Person.prototype.show = function(){
            console.log("name:" + this.name);
            console.log("age:" + this.age);
            console.log("sex:" + this.sex);
            console.log("phone:" + this.phone);
        };
    }

};

var person1 = new Person("Li",18,"man","123456");
var person2 = new Person("Wang",18,"women","123456");

person1.show();
person2.show();

注意：这里会判断是否定义;

5.JSON法

这种顾名思义，其创建方式就和JSON类似

具体例子：

var Person = {

    show : function() {
        console.log("name:" + this.name);
        console.log("age:" + this.age);
        console.log("sex:" + this.sex);
        console.log("phone:" + this.phone);
    },

    name  : null,
    age   : null,
    sex   : null,
    phone : null,
};

var person1 = Person;
var person2 = Person;

person1.name  = "Li";
person1.age   = 18;
person1.sex   = "man";
person1.phone = "123456";
person1.show();

person2.name  = "Wang";
person2.age   = 18;
person2.sex   = "women";
person2.phone = "123456";
person2.show();

注意，里面的分隔符要用逗号；

6.create法

这利用了对象的create方法进行创建

具体例子：

function createObject(objname,name, age, sex, phone){
    var person = new Object();
    person.objname = objname;

    person.name  = name;
    person.age   = age;
    person.sex   = sex;
    person.phone = phone;

    person.show  = function(){
        console.log("name:" + this.name);
        console.log("age:" + this.age);
        console.log("sex:" + this.sex);
        console.log("phone:" + this.phone);
    };
    return person;
}


var person1 = createObject("person1","Li",18,"man","123456");
person1.show();

var person2 = createObject("person2","Wang",18,"women","123456");
person2.show();

注意：用名字去创建一个对象，再进行初始化；

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在工作中比较常用其实是：

1.构造函数＋原型法

2.JSON法

3.create法