Python学习笔记（1）

1.列表推导式、字典推导式、集合推导式

列表：

>>> l1=[ i**2 for i in range(10) if i %2 is 0]
>>> l1
[0, 4, 16, 36, 64]

>>> def fun(x):
...   return x * 2
...
>>> l1 = [fun(i) for i in range(10) if i % 2 is 0]
>>> l1
[0, 4, 8, 12, 16]

列表推导式的[]改成()即可得到生成器

>>> g1 = (i ** 2 for i in range(10) if i %2 is 0)
>>> print(type(g1))
<class 'generator'>
>>> print(list(g1))
[0, 4, 16, 36, 64]
>>> g1
<generator object <genexpr> at 0x0300FA30>

字典：

>>> my_dict = {'a': 10, 'b': 34, 'c': 27}
>>> md1 = { z:j for j,z in my_dict.items()}
>>> md1
{10: 'a', 34: 'b', 27: 'c'}

>>> md1 = { my_dict[k]:k for k in my_dict}
>>> md1
{10: 'a', 34: 'b', 27: 'c'}

>>> md1 = { my_dict[k]:k for k in my_dict if k == 'a'}
>>> md1
{10: 'a'}

zip 将列表合并

>>> z=zip(['a','b','c'],[1,2,3])
>>> print(type(z))
<class 'zip'>
>>> z
<zip object at 0x0311B4B8>
>>> d={h:v for h,v in z}
>>> print(type(d))
<class 'dict'>
>>> d
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}

加上if条件 

>>> d={h:v for h,v in zip(['a','b','c'],[1,2,3]) if h=='a'}
>>> d
{'a': 1}

按照最短列表长度生成zip

>>> d={h:v for h,v in zip(['a','b','c'],[1,2])}
>>> d
{'a': 1, 'b': 2}
>>>
>>> d={h:v for h,v in zip(['a','b'],[1,2,3])}
>>> d
{'a': 1, 'b': 2}
>>>
>>> d={v:h for h,v in zip(['a','b'],[1,2,3])}
>>> d
{1: 'a', 2: 'b'}

集合推导式 set ：

列表推导式的中括号换为大括号就生成set

>>> ms={x ** 2 for x in [1,1,2,3,4]}
>>> ms
{16, 1, 4, 9}
>>> print(type(ms))
<class 'set'>

列表、字典、集合对比

>>> ms=[x ** 2 for x in [1,1,2,3,4]]
>>> ms
[1, 1, 4, 9, 16]
>>> print(type(ms))
<class 'list'>
>>>


>>> ms={x ** 2 for x in [1,1,2,3,4]}
>>> print(type(ms))
<class 'set'>
>>>


>>> ms={x ** 2:x for x in [1,1,2,3,4]}
>>> print(type(ms))
<class 'dict'>
>>> ms
{1: 1, 4: 2, 9: 3, 16: 4}