在项目中,我们很多都用到了xml文件,无论是参数配置还是与其它系统的数据交互。
今天就来讲一下Java 中使用dom4j来操作XML文件。
我们需要引入的包:
/文件包
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
//工具包
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
//dom4j包
import org.dom4j.Attribute;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
/文件包
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
//工具包
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
//dom4j包
import org.dom4j.Attribute;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
1、将XML文件的内容转化为String
/**
* doc2String
* 将xml文档内容转为String
* @return 字符串
* @param document
*/
public static String doc2String(Document document)
{
String s = "";
try
{
//使用输出流来进行转化
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
//使用GB2312编码
OutputFormat format = new OutputFormat( " ", true, "GB2312");
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter(out, format);
writer.write(document);
s = out. toString( "GB2312");
} catch( Exception ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return s;
}
* doc2String
* 将xml文档内容转为String
* @return 字符串
* @param document
*/
public static String doc2String(Document document)
{
String s = "";
try
{
//使用输出流来进行转化
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
//使用GB2312编码
OutputFormat format = new OutputFormat( " ", true, "GB2312");
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter(out, format);
writer.write(document);
s = out. toString( "GB2312");
} catch( Exception ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return s;
}
2、将符合XML格式的String 转化为XML Document
/**
* string2Document
* 将字符串转为Document
* @return
* @param s xml格式的字符串
*/
public static Document string2Document( String s)
{
Document doc = null;
try
{
doc = DocumentHelper.parseText(s);
} catch( Exception ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return doc;
}
* string2Document
* 将字符串转为Document
* @return
* @param s xml格式的字符串
*/
public static Document string2Document( String s)
{
Document doc = null;
try
{
doc = DocumentHelper.parseText(s);
} catch( Exception ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return doc;
}
3、将Document对象保存为一个xml文件到本地
/**
* doc2XmlFile
* 将Document对象保存为一个xml文件到本地
* @return true:保存成功 flase:失败
* @param filename 保存的文件名
* @param document 需要保存的document对象
*/
public static boolean doc2XmlFile(Document document, String filename)
{
boolean flag = true;
try
{
/* 将document中的内容写入文件中 */
//默认为UTF-8格式,指定为"GB2312"
OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
format.setEncoding( "GB2312");
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter( new FileWriter( new File(filename)),format);
writer.write(document);
writer.close();
} catch( Exception ex)
{
flag = false;
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return flag;
}
* doc2XmlFile
* 将Document对象保存为一个xml文件到本地
* @return true:保存成功 flase:失败
* @param filename 保存的文件名
* @param document 需要保存的document对象
*/
public static boolean doc2XmlFile(Document document, String filename)
{
boolean flag = true;
try
{
/* 将document中的内容写入文件中 */
//默认为UTF-8格式,指定为"GB2312"
OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
format.setEncoding( "GB2312");
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter( new FileWriter( new File(filename)),format);
writer.write(document);
writer.close();
} catch( Exception ex)
{
flag = false;
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return flag;
}
4、将xml格式的字符串保存为本地文件,如果字符串格式不符合xml规则,则返回失败
/**
* string2XmlFile
* 将xml格式的字符串保存为本地文件,如果字符串格式不符合xml规则,则返回失败
* @return true:保存成功 flase:失败
* @param filename 保存的文件名
* @param str 需要保存的字符串
*/
public static boolean string2XmlFile( String str, String filename)
{
boolean flag = true;
try
{
Document doc = DocumentHelper.parseText(str);
flag = doc2XmlFile(doc,filename);
} catch ( Exception ex)
{
flag = false;
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return flag;
}
* string2XmlFile
* 将xml格式的字符串保存为本地文件,如果字符串格式不符合xml规则,则返回失败
* @return true:保存成功 flase:失败
* @param filename 保存的文件名
* @param str 需要保存的字符串
*/
public static boolean string2XmlFile( String str, String filename)
{
boolean flag = true;
try
{
Document doc = DocumentHelper.parseText(str);
flag = doc2XmlFile(doc,filename);
} catch ( Exception ex)
{
flag = false;
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return flag;
}
5、载入一个xml文档
/**
* load
* 载入一个xml文档
* @return 成功返回Document对象,失败返回null
* @param uri 文件路径
*/
public static Document load( String filename)
{
Document document = null;
try
{
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
document = saxReader.read( new File(filename));
}
catch ( Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return document;
}
* load
* 载入一个xml文档
* @return 成功返回Document对象,失败返回null
* @param uri 文件路径
*/
public static Document load( String filename)
{
Document document = null;
try
{
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
document = saxReader.read( new File(filename));
}
catch ( Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return document;
}
6、演示String保存为xml文件
/**
* xmlWriteDemoByString
* 演示String保存为xml文件
*/
public void xmlWriteDemoByString()
{
String s = "";
/** xml格式标题 "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='GB2312'?>" 可以不用写*/
s = "<config>/r/n"
+ " <ftp name='DongDian'>/r/n"
+ " <ftp-host>127.0.0.1</ftp-host>/r/n"
+ " <ftp-port>21</ftp-port>/r/n"
+ " <ftp-user>cxl</ftp-user>/r/n"
+ " <ftp-pwd>longshine</ftp-pwd>/r/n"
+ " <!-- ftp最多尝试连接次数 -->/r/n"
+ " <ftp-try>50</ftp-try>/r/n"
+ " <!-- ftp尝试连接延迟时间 -->/r/n"
+ " <ftp-delay>10</ftp-delay>/r/n"
+ " </ftp>/r/n"
+ "</config>/r/n";
//将文件生成到classes文件夹所在的目录里
string2XmlFile(s, "xmlWriteDemoByString.xml");
//将文件生成到classes文件夹里
string2XmlFile(s, "classes/xmlWriteDemoByString.xml");
}
* xmlWriteDemoByString
* 演示String保存为xml文件
*/
public void xmlWriteDemoByString()
{
String s = "";
/** xml格式标题 "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='GB2312'?>" 可以不用写*/
s = "<config>/r/n"
+ " <ftp name='DongDian'>/r/n"
+ " <ftp-host>127.0.0.1</ftp-host>/r/n"
+ " <ftp-port>21</ftp-port>/r/n"
+ " <ftp-user>cxl</ftp-user>/r/n"
+ " <ftp-pwd>longshine</ftp-pwd>/r/n"
+ " <!-- ftp最多尝试连接次数 -->/r/n"
+ " <ftp-try>50</ftp-try>/r/n"
+ " <!-- ftp尝试连接延迟时间 -->/r/n"
+ " <ftp-delay>10</ftp-delay>/r/n"
+ " </ftp>/r/n"
+ "</config>/r/n";
//将文件生成到classes文件夹所在的目录里
string2XmlFile(s, "xmlWriteDemoByString.xml");
//将文件生成到classes文件夹里
string2XmlFile(s, "classes/xmlWriteDemoByString.xml");
}
7、演示手动创建一个Document,并保存为XML文件
/**
* 演示手动创建一个Document,并保存为XML文件
*/
public void xmlWriteDemoByDocument()
{
/** 建立document对象 */
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
/** 建立config根节点 */
Element configElement = document.addElement( "config");
/** 建立ftp节点 */
configElement.addComment( "东电ftp配置");
Element ftpElement = configElement.addElement( "ftp");
ftpElement.addAttribute( "name", "DongDian");
/** ftp 属性配置 */
Element hostElement = ftpElement.addElement( "ftp-host");
hostElement.setText( "127.0.0.1");
(ftpElement.addElement( "ftp-port")).setText( "21");
(ftpElement.addElement( "ftp-user")).setText( "cxl");
(ftpElement.addElement( "ftp-pwd")).setText( "longshine");
ftpElement.addComment( "ftp最多尝试连接次数");
(ftpElement.addElement( "ftp-try")).setText( "50");
ftpElement.addComment( "ftp尝试连接延迟时间");
(ftpElement.addElement( "ftp-delay")).setText( "10");
/** 保存Document */
doc2XmlFile(document, "classes/xmlWriteDemoByDocument.xml");
}
* 演示手动创建一个Document,并保存为XML文件
*/
public void xmlWriteDemoByDocument()
{
/** 建立document对象 */
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
/** 建立config根节点 */
Element configElement = document.addElement( "config");
/** 建立ftp节点 */
configElement.addComment( "东电ftp配置");
Element ftpElement = configElement.addElement( "ftp");
ftpElement.addAttribute( "name", "DongDian");
/** ftp 属性配置 */
Element hostElement = ftpElement.addElement( "ftp-host");
hostElement.setText( "127.0.0.1");
(ftpElement.addElement( "ftp-port")).setText( "21");
(ftpElement.addElement( "ftp-user")).setText( "cxl");
(ftpElement.addElement( "ftp-pwd")).setText( "longshine");
ftpElement.addComment( "ftp最多尝试连接次数");
(ftpElement.addElement( "ftp-try")).setText( "50");
ftpElement.addComment( "ftp尝试连接延迟时间");
(ftpElement.addElement( "ftp-delay")).setText( "10");
/** 保存Document */
doc2XmlFile(document, "classes/xmlWriteDemoByDocument.xml");
}
8、演示读取文件的具体某个节点的值
/**
* 演示读取文件的具体某个节点的值
*/
public static void xmlReadDemo()
{
Document doc = load( "classes/xmlWriteDemoByDocument.xml");
//Element root = doc.getRootElement();
/** 先用xpath查找所有ftp节点 并输出它的name属性值*/
List list = doc.selectNodes( "/config/ftp" );
Iterator it = list.iterator();
while(it.hasNext())
{
Element ftpElement = (Element)it.next();
System.out.println( "ftp_name="+ftpElement.attribute( "name").getValue());
}
/** 直接用属性path取得name值 */
list = doc.selectNodes( "/config/ftp/@name" );
it = list.iterator();
while(it.hasNext())
{
Attribute attribute = (Attribute)it.next();
System.out.println( "@name="+attribute.getValue());
}
/** 直接取得DongDian ftp的 ftp-host 的值 */
list = doc.selectNodes( "/config/ftp/ftp-host" );
it = list.iterator();
Element hostElement=(Element)it.next();
System.out.println( "DongDian's ftp_host="+hostElement.getText());
}
* 演示读取文件的具体某个节点的值
*/
public static void xmlReadDemo()
{
Document doc = load( "classes/xmlWriteDemoByDocument.xml");
//Element root = doc.getRootElement();
/** 先用xpath查找所有ftp节点 并输出它的name属性值*/
List list = doc.selectNodes( "/config/ftp" );
Iterator it = list.iterator();
while(it.hasNext())
{
Element ftpElement = (Element)it.next();
System.out.println( "ftp_name="+ftpElement.attribute( "name").getValue());
}
/** 直接用属性path取得name值 */
list = doc.selectNodes( "/config/ftp/@name" );
it = list.iterator();
while(it.hasNext())
{
Attribute attribute = (Attribute)it.next();
System.out.println( "@name="+attribute.getValue());
}
/** 直接取得DongDian ftp的 ftp-host 的值 */
list = doc.selectNodes( "/config/ftp/ftp-host" );
it = list.iterator();
Element hostElement=(Element)it.next();
System.out.println( "DongDian's ftp_host="+hostElement.getText());
}
参考代码:
package
com.holen.dom4j;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.dom4j.Attribute;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
/**
*
* @author Holen Chen
*
*/
public class Dom4jDemo {
public Dom4jDemo() {
}
/**
*
* 建立一个XML文档,文档名由输入参数决定
*
* @param filename
* 需建立的文件名
*
* @return 返回操作结果, 0表失败, 1表成功
*
*/
public int createXMLFile(String filename) {
/** 返回操作结果, 0表失败, 1表成功 */
int returnValue = 0 ;
/** 建立document对象 */
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
/** 建立XML文档的根books */
Element booksElement = document.addElement( " books " );
/** 加入一行注释 */
booksElement.addComment( " This is a test for dom4j, holen, 2004.9.11 " );
/** 加入第一个book节点 */
Element bookElement = booksElement.addElement( " book " );
/** 加入show参数内容 */
bookElement.addAttribute( " show " , " yes " );
/** 加入title节点 */
Element titleElement = bookElement.addElement( " title " );
/** 为title设置内容 */
titleElement.setText( " Dom4j Tutorials " );
/** 类似的完成后两个book */
bookElement = booksElement.addElement( " book " );
bookElement.addAttribute( " show " , " yes " );
titleElement = bookElement.addElement( " title " );
titleElement.setText( " Lucene Studing " );
bookElement = booksElement.addElement( " book " );
bookElement.addAttribute( " show " , " no " );
titleElement = bookElement.addElement( " title " );
titleElement.setText( " Lucene in Action " );
/** 加入owner节点 */
Element ownerElement = booksElement.addElement( " owner " );
ownerElement.setText( " O'Reilly " );
try {
/** 将document中的内容写入文件中 */
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter( new FileWriter( new File(filename)));
writer.write(document);
writer.close();
/** 执行成功,需返回1 */
returnValue = 1 ;
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return returnValue;
}
/**
*
* 修改XML文件中内容,并另存为一个新文件
*
* 重点掌握dom4j中如何添加节点,修改节点,删除节点
*
* @param filename
* 修改对象文件
*
* @param newfilename
* 修改后另存为该文件
*
* @return 返回操作结果, 0表失败, 1表成功
*
*/
public int ModiXMLFile(String filename, String newfilename) {
int returnValue = 0 ;
try {
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
Document document = saxReader.read( new File(filename));
/** 修改内容之一:如果book节点中show参数的内容为yes,则修改成no */
/** 先用xpath查找对象 */
List list = document.selectNodes( " /books/book/@show " );
Iterator iter = list.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
Attribute attribute = (Attribute) iter.next();
if (attribute.getValue().equals( " yes " )) {
attribute.setValue( " no " );
}
}
/**
*
* 修改内容之二:把owner项内容改为Tshinghua
*
* 并在owner节点中加入date节点,date节点的内容为2004-09-11,还为date节点添加一个参数type
*
*/
list = document.selectNodes( " /books/owner " );
iter = list.iterator();
if (iter.hasNext()) {
Element ownerElement = (Element) iter.next();
ownerElement.setText( " Tshinghua " );
Element dateElement = ownerElement.addElement( " date " );
dateElement.setText( " 2004-09-11 " );
dateElement.addAttribute( " type " , " Gregorian calendar " );
}
/** 修改内容之三:若title内容为Dom4j Tutorials,则删除该节点 */
list = document.selectNodes( " /books/book " );
iter = list.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
Element bookElement = (Element) iter.next();
Iterator iterator = bookElement.elementIterator( " title " );
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Element titleElement = (Element) iterator.next();
if (titleElement.getText().equals( " Dom4j Tutorials " )) {
bookElement.remove(titleElement);
}
}
}
try {
/** 将document中的内容写入文件中 */
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter( new FileWriter( new File(
newfilename)));
writer.write(document);
writer.close();
/** 执行成功,需返回1 */
returnValue = 1 ;
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return returnValue;
}
/**
*
* 格式化XML文档,并解决中文问题
*
* @param filename
*
* @return
*
*/
public int formatXMLFile(String filename) {
int returnValue = 0 ;
try {
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
Document document = saxReader.read( new File(filename));
XMLWriter output = null ;
/** 格式化输出,类型IE浏览一样 */
OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
/** 指定XML字符集编码 */
format.setEncoding( " GBK " );
output = new XMLWriter( new FileWriter( new File(filename)), format);
output.write(document);
output.close();
/** 执行成功,需返回1 */
returnValue = 1 ;
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return returnValue;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dom4jDemo temp = new Dom4jDemo();
System.out.println(temp.createXMLFile( " d://holen.xml " ));
System.out.println(temp.ModiXMLFile( " d://holen.xml " , " d://holen2.xml " ));
System.out.println(temp.formatXMLFile( " d://holen2.xml " ));
}
}
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.dom4j.Attribute;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
/**
*
* @author Holen Chen
*
*/
public class Dom4jDemo {
public Dom4jDemo() {
}
/**
*
* 建立一个XML文档,文档名由输入参数决定
*
* @param filename
* 需建立的文件名
*
* @return 返回操作结果, 0表失败, 1表成功
*
*/
public int createXMLFile(String filename) {
/** 返回操作结果, 0表失败, 1表成功 */
int returnValue = 0 ;
/** 建立document对象 */
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
/** 建立XML文档的根books */
Element booksElement = document.addElement( " books " );
/** 加入一行注释 */
booksElement.addComment( " This is a test for dom4j, holen, 2004.9.11 " );
/** 加入第一个book节点 */
Element bookElement = booksElement.addElement( " book " );
/** 加入show参数内容 */
bookElement.addAttribute( " show " , " yes " );
/** 加入title节点 */
Element titleElement = bookElement.addElement( " title " );
/** 为title设置内容 */
titleElement.setText( " Dom4j Tutorials " );
/** 类似的完成后两个book */
bookElement = booksElement.addElement( " book " );
bookElement.addAttribute( " show " , " yes " );
titleElement = bookElement.addElement( " title " );
titleElement.setText( " Lucene Studing " );
bookElement = booksElement.addElement( " book " );
bookElement.addAttribute( " show " , " no " );
titleElement = bookElement.addElement( " title " );
titleElement.setText( " Lucene in Action " );
/** 加入owner节点 */
Element ownerElement = booksElement.addElement( " owner " );
ownerElement.setText( " O'Reilly " );
try {
/** 将document中的内容写入文件中 */
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter( new FileWriter( new File(filename)));
writer.write(document);
writer.close();
/** 执行成功,需返回1 */
returnValue = 1 ;
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return returnValue;
}
/**
*
* 修改XML文件中内容,并另存为一个新文件
*
* 重点掌握dom4j中如何添加节点,修改节点,删除节点
*
* @param filename
* 修改对象文件
*
* @param newfilename
* 修改后另存为该文件
*
* @return 返回操作结果, 0表失败, 1表成功
*
*/
public int ModiXMLFile(String filename, String newfilename) {
int returnValue = 0 ;
try {
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
Document document = saxReader.read( new File(filename));
/** 修改内容之一:如果book节点中show参数的内容为yes,则修改成no */
/** 先用xpath查找对象 */
List list = document.selectNodes( " /books/book/@show " );
Iterator iter = list.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
Attribute attribute = (Attribute) iter.next();
if (attribute.getValue().equals( " yes " )) {
attribute.setValue( " no " );
}
}
/**
*
* 修改内容之二:把owner项内容改为Tshinghua
*
* 并在owner节点中加入date节点,date节点的内容为2004-09-11,还为date节点添加一个参数type
*
*/
list = document.selectNodes( " /books/owner " );
iter = list.iterator();
if (iter.hasNext()) {
Element ownerElement = (Element) iter.next();
ownerElement.setText( " Tshinghua " );
Element dateElement = ownerElement.addElement( " date " );
dateElement.setText( " 2004-09-11 " );
dateElement.addAttribute( " type " , " Gregorian calendar " );
}
/** 修改内容之三:若title内容为Dom4j Tutorials,则删除该节点 */
list = document.selectNodes( " /books/book " );
iter = list.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
Element bookElement = (Element) iter.next();
Iterator iterator = bookElement.elementIterator( " title " );
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Element titleElement = (Element) iterator.next();
if (titleElement.getText().equals( " Dom4j Tutorials " )) {
bookElement.remove(titleElement);
}
}
}
try {
/** 将document中的内容写入文件中 */
XMLWriter writer = new XMLWriter( new FileWriter( new File(
newfilename)));
writer.write(document);
writer.close();
/** 执行成功,需返回1 */
returnValue = 1 ;
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return returnValue;
}
/**
*
* 格式化XML文档,并解决中文问题
*
* @param filename
*
* @return
*
*/
public int formatXMLFile(String filename) {
int returnValue = 0 ;
try {
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
Document document = saxReader.read( new File(filename));
XMLWriter output = null ;
/** 格式化输出,类型IE浏览一样 */
OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
/** 指定XML字符集编码 */
format.setEncoding( " GBK " );
output = new XMLWriter( new FileWriter( new File(filename)), format);
output.write(document);
output.close();
/** 执行成功,需返回1 */
returnValue = 1 ;
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return returnValue;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dom4jDemo temp = new Dom4jDemo();
System.out.println(temp.createXMLFile( " d://holen.xml " ));
System.out.println(temp.ModiXMLFile( " d://holen.xml " , " d://holen2.xml " ));
System.out.println(temp.formatXMLFile( " d://holen2.xml " ));
}
}