Spring MVC通过HandlerExceptionResolver处理程序的异常,包括Handler的映射、数据绑定以及目标方法的执行。HandlerExceptionResolver时一个接口,该接口的实现类都有处理异常的功能。HandlerExceptionResolver是该接口应用广泛的一个实现类,并且DispatcherServlet默认装配了HandlerExceptionResolver 的Bean。使用HandlerExceptionResolver处理异常时,要在spring配置文件中配置。
示例如下:
1、web.xml和spring的配置文件
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<!-- The front controller of this Spring Web application, responsible for handling all application requests -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- Map all requests to the DispatcherServlet for handling -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
spring的配置文件springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lzj.springmvc"></context:component-scan>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>
2、创建请求
在WebContent下面创建index.jsp,内容为:
<a href="springMVC/testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver?i=0">Test ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver</a>
3、创建请求控制器
控制器用于截获index.jsp中的请求
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/springMVC")
public class TestSpringMVC {
@RequestMapping("/testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver")
/*请求中的i的值为0,当控制器获取该值,执行10/0时出现异常,导致程序失败*/
public String testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver(@RequestParam("i") int i){
System.out.println("result: " + (10/i));
return "success";
}
}
当执行index.jsp中请求后,控制器截获请求,并获取请求中的请求参数i,由于i的值为0,控制器中的逻辑为10/0,运行时会抛出一个异常ArithmeticException
。
4、处理异常
在TestSpringMVC控制器类中添加处理异常的方法
public class TestSpringMVC {
//ExceptionHandler注解表示处理异常的类型
@ExceptionHandler({ArithmeticException.class})
public String handleArithmeticException(Exception exception){
System.out.println("异常: " + exception);
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver")
public String testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver(@RequestParam("i") int i){
System.out.println("testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver");
System.out.println("result: " + (10/i));
return "success";
}
当index.jsp中发送请求后, testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver控制器截获请求,并获取请求中i值后,在执行到System.out.println(“result: ” + (10/i));,出现异常,程序不在往下执行,然后handleArithmeticException处理器捕获ArithmeticException异常,处理异常程序。
Console中输出内容如下:
testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
异常: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
5、处理异常优先级
控制器中处理异常的方法改为如下
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/springMVC")
public class TestSpringMVC {
@ExceptionHandler({RuntimeException.class})
public String handleArithmeticException2(Exception exception){
System.out.println("handleArithmeticException2");
System.out.println("异常: " + exception);
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver")
public String testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver(@RequestParam("i") int i){
System.out.println("testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver");
System.out.println("result: " + (10/i));
return "success";
}
}
当发送index.jsp中请求后,testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver控制器方法截获该请求,并获取请求参数i后,执行逻辑出现异常,抛出ArithmeticException异常,异常被RuntimeException类型的异常捕获,handleArithmeticException2异常处理该异常。因为ArithmeticException异常继承自RuntimeException,所以RuntimeException类型的异常可以捕获ArithmeticException异常。Console中输出内容如下:
testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
handleArithmeticException2
异常: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
但是当程序中同时出现了RuntimeException和ArithmeticException异常处理程序,执行顺序是什么呢?
处理异常发方法如下:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/springMVC")
public class TestSpringMVC {
@ExceptionHandler({RuntimeException.class})
public String handleArithmeticException2(Exception exception){
System.out.println("handleArithmeticException2");
System.out.println("异常: " + exception);
return "success";
}
@ExceptionHandler({ArithmeticException.class})
public String handleArithmeticException(Exception exception){
System.out.println("异常: " + exception);
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver")
public String testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver(@RequestParam("i") int i){
System.out.println("testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver");
System.out.println("result: " + (10/i));
return "success";
}
}
发送index.jsp中的请求后,testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver控制器方法截获请求,并获取请求中的参数i值0,控制器方法出现异常,异常先被handleArithmeticException方法捕获执行,所以异常会先被标记最底层实现类的那个异常程序处理,如果没有的话,一级一级的往上抛。
Console中输出内容如下:
testExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
异常: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
注意:如果把异常处理程序和控制器处理方法写在同一个类中,那么异常处理器只能处理该类中抛出的异常。如果想让异常处理程序能处理项目下所有类抛出的异常,可以在src下新建一个包,专门放置处理异常的异常。