ThreadLocal的原理以及使用

一、前言

Thread类中，有一个属性，叫做：

ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals;

这个属性，可以看出两个信息：ThreadLocal类和它的内部内ThreadLocalMap

下面，我们看一下这两个类。

1. ThreadLocal，直接上关键代码。

public T get() {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
            if (e != null) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                T result = (T)e.value;
                return result;
            }
        }
        return setInitialValue();
    }

ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
        return t.threadLocals;
    }

这个get方法的逻辑：（1）取出当前线程Thread，（2）通过getMap方法，取出当前Thread中的threadLocals属性，它是一个ThreadLocalMap。（3）根据当前的ThreadLocal对象，获取到ThreadLocalMap.Entry，并取出去其中的value，并返回。

2. set方法

    /**
     * Sets the current thread's copy of this thread-local variable
     * to the specified value.  Most subclasses will have no need to
     * override this method, relying solely on the {@link #initialValue}
     * method to set the values of thread-locals.
     *
     * @param value the value to be stored in the current thread's copy of
     *        this thread-local.
     */
    public void set(T value) {
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the current thread's value for this thread-local
     * variable.  If this thread-local variable is subsequently
     * {@linkplain #get read} by the current thread, its value will be
     * reinitialized by invoking its {@link #initialValue} method,
     * unless its value is {@linkplain #set set} by the current thread
     * in the interim.  This may result in multiple invocations of the
     * {@code initialValue} method in the current thread.
     *
     * @since 1.5
     */
     public void remove() {
         ThreadLocalMap m = getMap(Thread.currentThread());
         if (m != null)
             m.remove(this);
     }

set方法很容易就能够明白，与Get方法是一对，set方法传入一个value对象，将其设置到当前线程的threadLocals当中。 在使用的时候，通过get()方法获取这个value。

小结：ThreadLocal最主要的三个方法，set、get、remove。调用set的时候，往当前线程对象的属性threadLocals当中添加键值对ThreadLocal-->V