文件 IO

open/close

打开文件 open and possibly create a file or device - open

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int open(const char *pathname, int flags)
int open(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode)

DESCRIPTION:

• Given a pathname for a file, open() returns a file descriptor, a small, nonnegative integer for use in subsequent system calls (read(2), write(2), lseek(2), fcntl(2), etc.). The file descriptor returned by a successful call will be the lowest-numbered file descriptor not currently open for the process. 打开或者创建一个文件

参数：

• pathname：要打开的文件名（含路径）

• The argument flags must include one of the following access modes: O_RDONLY, O_WRONLY, or O_RDWR. These request opening the file read-only, write-only, or read/write, respectively.

• In addition, zero or more file creation flags and file status flags can be bitwise-or’d in flags. The file creation flags are O_CLOEXEC, O_CREAT, O_DIRECTORY, O_EXCL, O_NOCTTY, O_NOFOLLOW, O_TRUNC, and O_TTY_INIT.

• O_RDONLY：只读方式打开文件。

  O_WRONLY：可写方式打开文件。

  O_RDWR：读写方式打开文件。

  以上三个参数互斥

• O_CREAT: If the file does not exist it will be created. (如果该文件不存在，就创建一个新的文件，并用第三的参数为其设置权限。)

  • mode specifies the permissions to use in case a new file is created. This argument must be supplied when O_CREAT is specified in flags; if O_CREAT is not specified, then mode is ignored. The effective permissions
    are modified by the process’s umask in the usual way: The permissions of the created file are (mode & ~umask). Note that this mode applies only to future accesses of the newly created file; the open() call that creates a read-only file may well return a read/write file descriptor.
  • The following symbolic constants are provided for mode: (man 2 open)

• O_EXCL: Ensure that this call creates the file: if this flag is specified in conjunction with O_CREAT, and pathname already exists, then open() will fail. (这一参数可测试文件是否存在)

• O_TRUNC: If the file already exists and is a regular file and the open mode allows writing (i.e., is O_RDWR or O_WRONLY) it will be truncated to length 0.

• O_APPEND: The file is opened in append mode. Before each write(2), the file offset is positioned at the
  end of the file, as if with lseek(2). O_APPEND may lead to corrupted files on NFS filesystems if more than one process appends data to a file at once. This is because NFS does not support appending to a file, so the client kernel has to simulate it, which can’t be done without a race condition.

• mode：一定是在 flags 中使用了 O_CREAT 标志，mode 记录待创建文件的访问权限。八进制数表示 0666 所创建出的文件权限与 umask（文件权限掩码）（取反之后与）后得到最终的文件权限

  • umask 0000：将 umask 值改为 0000

返回值：open() returns the new file descriptor, or -1 if an error occurred (in which case, errno is set appropriately).

创建文件 creat

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
``int creat(const char *pathname, mode_t mode)`

DESCRIPTION: 创建一个文件，并以只写的方式打开该文件

参数：

• pathname：创建的文件名（含路径）
• mode：创建的文件的读写权限

返回值：

• 成功：文件描述符
• 失败：-1

...
    
	fd = creat("/home/linux/文档/test2.c", 0621)