class Person {
var name: Stringvar age: Int
let counry: String
init (name: String, age: Int, country: String) { //创建Person类的对象时会调用,给对象的属性初始化值self.name = name
self.age = age
self.counry = country
}
}
//如://创建一个Person类的对象let person: Person = Person(name: "xiaohuang", age: 20, country: "China")
print("name:\(person.name)")
print("age:\(person.age)")
print("country:\(person.counry)")
存储属性和计算属性
存储属性是需要在内存里面开辟空间,保存属性值的属性
计算属性不开辟空间,只在调用的时候,临时取到它的闭包里面的值,实质上是调用一个方法
class Person {
//存储属性var name: Stringvar age: Int
let counry: String//计算属性var kindName:String {
//完整的写法
get {
return"亲爱的\(name)"
}
//简略的写法:直接return就行了//return "亲爱的\(name)"
}
//定义一个私有的可选属性,只有这个类内部可以调用privatevar _pet: String?//定义一个计算属性pet来对私有属性_pet进行存取var pet: String {
//当对计算属性pet取值时调用get方法,返回的是_pet的值
get {
return _pet!
}
//当对pet赋值时,调用set方法,给_pet赋值,以下写法写死了,无法将外部的值传进来set {
_pet ="baobao"
}
}
//可选属性不需要在构造函数(init()方法)里面初始化
init (name: String, age: Int, country: String){
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.counry = country
}
}
let person = Person(name: "xiaowang", age: 20, country: "China")
person.pet ="haha"//调用了计算属性pet的set方法
print("pet:\(person.pet)") //调用了计算属性pet的get方法
print(person.kindName) //result:"亲爱的xiaowang"
可选属性
如果一个属性可能有值,可能没有值,那么这个属性就叫做可选属性
可选属性在没有赋值之前,也是没有开辟内存空间的。
class Person {
var name: Stringvar age: Int
let counry: Stringvar girlFriend: String?="mingming"//定义可选属性并初始化//计算属性简写版var kindName: String {
return"亲爱的\(name)"
}
init (name: String, age: Int, country: String){
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.counry = country
}
}
let person = Person(name: "xiaowang", age: 20, country: "china")
print(person)
懒加载
懒加载,就是指一个属性,在第一次使用的时候,才对其进行初始化
用关键字 lazy 表示懒加载属性
将属性的初始化代码放到闭包中,接一对小括号表示立即执行
在第一次调用的时候才分配内存空间
class Person {
var name: Stringvar age: Int
let counry: Stringvar girlFriend: String?="mingming"//懒加载属性
lazy var dog: String= {
return"xiaobao"
}()
//上面的懒加载属性的简写版// lazy var dog: String = "xiaobao"var kindName: String {
return"亲爱的\(name)"
}
init (name: String, age: Int, country: String){
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.counry = country
}
}
let person = Person(name: "xiaowang", age: 20, country: "China")
person.dog //调用懒加载属性
person.kindName
class Person {
var name: Stringvar age: Int
let counry: Stringvar weight: Float =125.6 {
//只要给weight赋值,willSet 和 didSet两个方法都会被调用//willSet方法先调用,didSet方法后调用
willSet {
if newValue >180 {
print("该减肥了")
}
}
didSet {
if weight <90 {
print("\(oldValue)吃吃吃。。。。")
}
}
}
init (name: String, age: Int, country: String){
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.counry = country
}
}
let person = Person(name: "xiaowang", age: 20, country: "china")
person.weight =190//调用属性观察器(就两个方法:willSet 和 didSet)
person.weight =89
类属性和类方法
class Person {
var name: Stringvar age: Int
//类属性,用 static 标识,如果属性是计算属性,需要用 class 标记
static var country: String = "China"//类的计算属性classvar kindName:String {
get {
return"亲爱的\(country)"
}
}
//类方法,用 class 标识class func changeCountry() ->String {
country = "American"return country
}
init (name: String, age: Int) {
self.name = name
self.age = age
}
}
let person = Person(name: "xiao", age: 20)
print(Person.country) //读取类属性
print(Person.changeCountry()) //调用类方法改变类属性的值
print(Person.country) //再次读取已经修改后的类属性
print(Person.kindName) //读取类的计算属性/*
result:
China
American
American
亲爱的American
*/