Objective-C运行时定义了几种重要的类型。
Class
:定义Objective-C类Ivar
:定义对象的实例变量,包括类型和名字。Protocol
:定义正式协议。objc_property_t
:定义属性。叫这个名字可能是为了防止和Objective-C 1.0中的用户类型冲突,那时候还没有属性。Method
:定义对象方法或类方法。这个类型提供了方法的名字(就是**选择器**)、参数数量和类型,以及返回值(这些信息合起来称为方法的**签名**),还有一个指向代码的函数指针(也就是方法的**实现**)。SEL
:定义选择器。选择器是方法名的唯一标识符。-
IMP
:定义方法实现。这只是一个指向某个函数的指针,该函数接受一个对象、一个选择器和一个可变长参数列表(varargs),返回一个对象
运行时动态添加Category属性
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@interface NSObject (CategoryWithProperty)
/**
* 要在Category中扩展的属性
*/
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSObject *property;
@end
@implementation NSObject (CategoryWithProperty)
- (NSObject *)property {
return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, @selector(property));
}
- (void)setProperty:(NSObject *)value {
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, @selector(property), value, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
@end
@implementation SomeClass
- (id)init {
self = [super init];
if (self) _privateName = @"Steve";
return self;
}
@end
NSString *nameGetter(id self, SEL _cmd) {
Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([SomeClass class], "_privateName");
return object_getIvar(self, ivar);
}
void nameSetter(id self, SEL _cmd, NSString *newName) {
Ivar ivar = class_getInstanceVariable([SomeClass class], "_privateName");
id oldName = object_getIvar(self, ivar);
if (oldName != newName) object_setIvar(self, ivar, [newName copy]);
}
int main(void) {
@autoreleasepool {
objc_property_attribute_t type = { "T", "@\"NSString\"" };
objc_property_attribute_t ownership = { "C", "" }; // C = copy
objc_property_attribute_t backingivar = { "V", "_privateName" };
objc_property_attribute_t attrs[] = { type, ownership, backingivar };
class_addProperty([SomeClass class], "name", attrs, 3);
class_addMethod([SomeClass class], @selector(name), (IMP)nameGetter, "@@:");
class_addMethod([SomeClass class], @selector(setName:), (IMP)nameSetter, "v@:@");
id o = [SomeClass new];
NSLog(@"%@", [o name]);
[o setName:@"Jobs"];
NSLog(@"%@", [o name]);
}
}
输出:
Steve
Jobs
第二种:
- (id)valueForUndefinedKey:(NSString *)key
第三种:
static char const * const ObjectTagKey;
@implementation NSObject (ExampleCategoryWithProperty)
@dynamic objectTag;
- (id)objectTag {
return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, ObjectTagKey);
}
- (void)setObjectTag:(id)newObjectTag {
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, ObjectTagKey, newObject, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}