已知二叉树的先序遍历和中序遍历序列，输出后序遍历序列

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
const int N=20;
char s1[N], s2[N], ans[N];//s1[N],s2[N]分别为先序和中序遍历序列
void build(int n, char* s1, char* s2, char* s)
{
	if(n <= 0) return;
	int p = strchr(s2, s1[0]) - s2;//找到根结点的位置
	build(p, s1+1, s2, s);//递归构造左子树的后序遍历
	build(n-p-1, s1+p+1, s2+p+1, s+p);//递归构造右子树的后序遍历
	s[n-1] = s1[0];//把根结点添加到最后
}
int main()
{
	while(scanf("%s%s",s1, s2) == 2)
	{
		int n= strlen(s1);
		build(n, s1,s2, ans);
		ans[n] = '\0';
		printf("%s\n",ans);
		return 0;
	}
}

将上述代码变形就可以得到：已知中序和后序遍历序列求前序遍历序列的代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
const int N=20;
char s1[N], s2[N], ans[N];//s1[N],s2[N]分别为中序和后序遍历序列
void build(int n, char* s1, char* s2, char* s)
{
	if(n <= 0) return;
	int p = strchr(s1, s2[n-1]) - s1;//找根结点在s1中的位置
	s[0] = s2[n-1];//把根结点添加到最前面
	build(p, s1, s2, s+1);//递归构造左子树的先序遍历
	build(n-p-1, s1+p+1, s2+p, s+p+1);//递归构造右子树的先序遍历
	
}
int main()
{
	while(scanf("%s%s",s1, s2) == 2)
	{
		int n= strlen(s1);
		build(n, s1,s2, ans);
		ans[n] = '\0';
		printf("%s\n",ans);
		return 0;
	}
}

不同之处仅在于build 的不同，仔细对比就可理解清楚。

以下给出另一种代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

struct BinaryTreeNode
{
	char c;
	BinaryTreeNode *lchild, *rchild;
	BinaryTreeNode()
	{
		lchild = NULL, rchild = NULL;
	}
};
struct BinaryTreeNode *root1,*root2;

char preorder[100], inorder[100], postorder[100];

void preSearch(BinaryTreeNode *root)   //先序遍历树
{
	if(root != NULL)
	{
		printf("%c", root->c);
		preSearch(root->lchild);
		preSearch(root->rchild);
	}
	return ;
}

void midSearch(BinaryTreeNode *root)   //中序遍历树
{
	if(root != NULL)
	{
		midSearch(root->lchild);
		printf("%c", root->c);
		midSearch(root->rchild);
	}
	return ;
}

void postSearch(BinaryTreeNode *root)  //后序遍历树
{
	if(root != NULL)
	{
		postSearch(root->lchild);
		postSearch(root->rchild);
		printf("%c", root->c);
	}
	return ;
}

void BuildTreeFromPreAndMid(BinaryTreeNode * &root, int ll, int lr, int len, int &now)//根据中序和先序求树
{
	root = new BinaryTreeNode();
	root->c = *(preorder + now);
	int pos = (int)(strchr(inorder, *(preorder + now)) - inorder); //查找字符串中首次出现某个字符的位置 
	now++;
	if(now >= len)
		return ;
	if(pos - 1 >= ll)
	{
		BinaryTreeNode *t = new BinaryTreeNode();
		root->lchild = t;
		BuildTreeFromPreAndMid(root->lchild, ll, pos - 1, len, now);
	}
	if(pos + 1 <= lr)
	{
		BinaryTreeNode *t = new BinaryTreeNode();
		root->rchild = t;
		BuildTreeFromPreAndMid(root->rchild, pos + 1, lr, len, now);
	}
}

void BuildTreeFromPostAndMid(BinaryTreeNode * &root, int ll, int lr, int len, int &now)//根据中序和后序求树
{
	root = new BinaryTreeNode();
	root->c = *(postorder + now);
	int pos = (int)(strchr(inorder, *(postorder + now)) - inorder);
	now--;
	if(now < 0)
		return ;
	if(pos + 1 <= lr)
	{
		BinaryTreeNode *t = new BinaryTreeNode();
		root->rchild = t;
		BuildTreeFromPostAndMid(root->rchild, pos + 1, lr, len, now);
	}
	if(pos - 1 >= ll)
	{
		BinaryTreeNode *t = new BinaryTreeNode();
		root->lchild = t;
		BuildTreeFromPostAndMid(root->lchild, ll, pos - 1, len, now);
	}
}

//释放二叉树
inline void DeleteBinaryTree(BinaryTreeNode * &root)
{
	if(root)
	{
		DeleteBinaryTree(root->lchild);    //释放左子树
		DeleteBinaryTree(root->rchild);    //释放右子树
		delete root;          //释放根结点
	}
}

int main(void)
{
	gets(preorder);
	gets(inorder);
	//gets(postorder);
	int now = 0;
	BuildTreeFromPreAndMid(root1, 0, strlen(preorder) - 1, strlen(preorder), now);

	//int now2 = strlen(postorder)-1;
	//BuildTreeFromPostAndMid(root2, 0, strlen(postorder) - 1, strlen(postorder), now2);

	postSearch(root1);
	puts("");
	DeleteBinaryTree(root1);
	/*preSearch(root2);
	puts("");
	DeleteBinaryTree(root2);*/
	return 0;
}