单例模式

以下方法 中只有方法4 最好， 其它都有些问题

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

print '----------------------方法1--------------------------'
# 方法1 通过重写__new__方法
from threading import Lock
class SingleClass(object):
    lock = Lock()
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
        if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
            cls.lock.required()
            if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
                cls._instance = object.__new__(cls, *args)
            cls.lock.release()
        return cls._instance

one = SingleClass(2)
two = SingleClass(3)
print one is two  # True
print one.value, two.value  # 3, 3
one.value = 4
print one.value, two.value  # 4, 4


print '----------------------方法2--------------------------'
# 方法2 共享属性(所有实例共享同一个状态字典(dict))  保证不同实例有相同的状态;
class Borg(object):
    _state = {}

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
        ob = super(Borg, cls).__new__(cls, *args)
        ob.__dict__ = cls._state
        return ob


class SingleClass(Borg):
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value


one = SingleClass(2)
two = SingleClass(3)
print one is two  # False
print two.__dict__ is one.__dict__  # True
print one.value, two.value  # 3 3
one.value = 4
print one.value, two.value  # 4 4


print '----------------------方法3--------------------------'
# 方法3: 重写__metaclass__（元类)的call方法
class Singleton(type):
    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
            cls._instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
        return cls._instance


class SingleClass(object):
    __metaclass__ = Singleton

    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value


one = SingleClass(2)
two = SingleClass(3)
print one is two  # False
print one.value, two.value  # 2 2
one.value = 4
print one.value, two.value  # 4 4


print '----------------------方法4--------------------------'
# 方法4: 使用装饰器(decorator)
def singleton(cls):
    instances = {}

    def _singleton(*args, **kwargs):
        if cls not in instances:
            instances[cls] = cls(*args, **kwargs)
        return instances[cls]

    return _singleton


@singleton
class SingleClass(object):
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value


one = SingleClass(2)
two = SingleClass(3)
print one is two  # True
print one.value, two.value  # 2 2
one.value = 4
print one.value, two.value  # 4 4


print '----------------------方法5--------------------------'
# 类简单工厂模式
class Factory(object):
    class __SingleClass(object):
        def __init__(self, value):
            self.value = value

    @classmethod
    def get_one(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if not hasattr(cls, '_Factory__instance'):
            cls.__instance = cls.__SingleClass( *args, **kwargs)
        return cls.__instance

one = Factory.get_one(2)
two = Factory.get_one(3)
print one is two  # True
print one.value, two.value  # 2 2
one.value = 4
print one.value, two.value  # 4 4