Ribbon

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-05 16:41:13 发布

Mr_蜗牛

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-05 16:41:13 发布

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分类专栏： Spring Cloud

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u010634288/article/details/102753653

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12 篇文章 1 订阅

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一、简介

二、负载均衡有哪些方式

三、例子

四、Ribbon脱离Eureka使用

Ribbon是Netflix发布的云中间层服务开源项目，其主要功能是提供客户端侧负载均衡算法。Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项如连接超时，重试等。简单的说，Ribbon是一个客户端负载均衡器，我们可以在配置文件中列出Load Balancer后面所有的机器，Ribbon会自动的帮助你基于某种规则（如简单轮询，随机连接等）去连接这些机器，我们也很容易使用Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。

下图展示了Eureka使用Ribbon时候的大致架构：

Ribbon工作时分为两步：第一步先选择 Eureka Server, 它优先选择在同一个Zone且负载较少的Server；第二步再根据用户指定的策略，在从Server取到的服务注册列表中选择一个地址。其中Ribbon提供了多种策略，例如轮询round robin、随机Random、根据响应时间加权等。

二、负载均衡有哪些方式

1、服务器端负载均衡

2、客户端侧负载均衡

三、例子

第一步：先启动一个EurekaService,代码如下

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<parent>
		<groupId>com.snail.cloud</groupId>
		<artifactId>microservice-spring-cloud</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	</parent>

	<artifactId>microservice-discovery-eureka</artifactId>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

</project>

application.yml

security:
  basic:
    enabled: true
  user:
    name: user
    password: password123
server:
  port: 8761
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka

EurekaApplication.java

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaApplication {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);
  }
}

启动后输入localhost:8761，出现如下图，说明启动成功

第二步：启动多个服务提供者，代码如下

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<artifactId>microservice-provider-user</artifactId>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>microservice-provider-user</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>com.snail.cloud</groupId>
		<artifactId>microservice-spring-cloud</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
			<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 7902
spring:
  jpa:
    generate-ddl: false
    show-sql: true
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: none
  datasource:
    platform: h2
    schema: classpath:schema.sql
    data: classpath:data.sql
  application:
    name: microservice-provider-user
logging:
  level:
    root: INFO
    org.hibernate: INFO
    org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder: TRACE
    org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor: TRACE
    com.itmuch: DEBUG
eureka:
  client:
    healthcheck:
      enabled: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.instance_id:${server.port}}
    metadata-map:
      zone: ABC      # eureka可以理解的元数据
      lilizhou: BBC  # 不会影响客户端行为
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5

我们启动用户服务（启动类MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication.java）

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication.class, args);
  }
}

我们只需要修改yml文件的端口，启动3个服务,端口分别为7900，7901，7902，启动后，能看到三个服务提供者

第三步；启动消费者

配置如下：pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<artifactId>microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon-properties-customizing</artifactId>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<parent>
		<groupId>com.itmuch.cloud</groupId>
		<artifactId>microservice-spring-cloud</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

application.yml

spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon
server:
  port: 8010
eureka:
  client:
    healthcheck:
      enabled: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
microservice-provider-user:
  ribbon:
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

MovieController.java


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;



@RestController
public class MovieController {
  @Autowired
  private RestTemplate restTemplate;
  @Autowired
  private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;

  @GetMapping("/movie/{id}")
  public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
    // http://localhost:7900/simple/
    // VIP virtual IP
    // HAProxy Heartbeat

    ServiceInstance serviceInstance = this.loadBalancerClient.choose("microservice-provider-user");
    System.out.println("===" + ":" + serviceInstance.getServiceId() + ":" + serviceInstance.getHost() + ":" + serviceInstance.getPort());

    return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://microservice-provider-user/simple/" + id, User.class);
  }

  @GetMapping("/test")
  public String test() {
    ServiceInstance serviceInstance = this.loadBalancerClient.choose("microservice-provider-user");
    System.out.println("111" + ":" + serviceInstance.getServiceId() + ":" + serviceInstance.getHost() + ":" + serviceInstance.getPort());

//    ServiceInstance serviceInstance2 = this.loadBalancerClient.choose("microservice-provider-user2");
//    System.out.println("222" + ":" + serviceInstance2.getServiceId() + ":" + serviceInstance2.getHost() + ":" + serviceInstance2.getPort());

    return "1";
  }
}

ConsumerMovieRibbonApplication.java


import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ConsumerMovieRibbonApplication {

  @Bean
  @LoadBalanced
  public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    return new RestTemplate();
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(ConsumerMovieRibbonApplication.class, args);
  }
}

最后启动ConsumerMovieRibbonApplication

我们在浏览器请求一下该服务的test接口，我们查看控制台的打印

通过打印日志我们知道他使用的是随机Random负载方式，我们在yml里面也确实是配置的是

NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule

负载方式。

四、Ribbon脱离Eureka使用

我们只需要在yml配置不启用eureka，还有配置服务提供者的listOfServers

spring:
  application:
    name: microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon
server:
  port: 8010
eureka:
  client:
    healthcheck:
      enabled: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://user:password123@localhost:8761/eureka
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
ribbon:
  eureka:
   enabled: false
microservice-provider-user:
  ribbon:
    listOfServers: localhost:7900

启动eureka后启动2个服务，端口分别为7900，7901

代码与本文的MovieController.java一致

启动后，我们请求一下http://localhost:8010/test，通过控制台看到，每次请求都是请求7900，说明，我们可以不适用eureka的方式来使用ribbon

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Ribbon

一、简介二、负载均衡有哪些方式三、例子四、Ribbon脱离Eureka使用Ribbon是Netflix发布的云中间层服务开源项目，其主要功能是提供客户端侧负载均衡算法。Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项如连接超时，重试等。简单的说，Ribbon是一个客户端负载均衡器，我们可以在配置文件中列出Load Balancer后面所有的机器，Ribbon会自动的帮助你基...
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