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最新推荐文章于 2023-02-19 07:15:13 发布

Mr_蜗牛

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-19 07:15:13 发布

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分类专栏：线程

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u010634288/article/details/54026848

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在java多线程中，我们知道synchronized关键字可以实现线程之间的同步互斥工作。我们也可以用Lock来完成这个工作，这里有2种锁：重入锁和读写锁，他们有嗅探锁定、多路分支的功能。

一、重入锁

1、重入锁需要在代码块中加上锁定，但最后一定要记得释放锁定，不然会造成锁永远无法释放，其他线程进不来的结果。

public class UseReentrantLock {
	
	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	
	public void method1(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入method1..");
			Thread.sleep(1000);
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出method1..");
			Thread.sleep(1000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void method2(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入method2..");
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出method2..");
			Thread.sleep(1000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		final UseReentrantLock ur = new UseReentrantLock();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				ur.method1();
				ur.method2();
			}
		}, "t1");

		t1.start();
		try {
			Thread.sleep(10);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		//System.out.println(ur.lock.getQueueLength());
	}

打印结果：

当前线程:t1进入method1..
当前线程:t1退出method1..
当前线程:t1进入method2..
当前线程:t1退出method2..

2、Condition

public class UseCondition {

	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
	
	public void method1(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入等待状态..");
			Thread.sleep(3000);
			System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "释放锁..");
			condition.await();	// Object wait
			System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +"继续执行...");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void method2(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入..");
			Thread.sleep(3000);
			System.out.println("当前线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "发出唤醒..");
			condition.signal();		//Object notify
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		final UseCondition uc = new UseCondition();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				uc.method1();
			}
		}, "t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				uc.method2();
			}
		}, "t2");
		t1.start();

		t2.start();
	}
	
	
	
}

当前线程：t1进入等待状态..
当前线程：t1释放锁..
当前线程：t2进入..
当前线程：t2发出唤醒..
当前线程：t1继续执行...

3、多个Condition

public class UseManyCondition {

	private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	private Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
	private Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
	
	public void m1(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入方法m1等待..");
			c1.await();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "方法m1继续..");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void m2(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入方法m2等待..");
			c1.await();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "方法m2继续..");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void m3(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入方法m3等待..");
			c2.await();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "方法m3继续..");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void m4(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "唤醒..");
			c1.signalAll();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void m5(){
		try {
			lock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程：" +Thread.currentThread().getName() + "唤醒..");
			c2.signal();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		
		final UseManyCondition umc = new UseManyCondition();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				umc.m1();
			}
		},"t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				umc.m2();
			}
		},"t2");
		Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				umc.m3();
			}
		},"t3");
		Thread t4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				umc.m4();
			}
		},"t4");
		Thread t5 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				umc.m5();
			}
		},"t5");
		
		t1.start();	// c1
		t2.start();	// c1
		t3.start();	// c2
		

		try {
			Thread.sleep(2000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		t4.start();	// c1
		try {
			Thread.sleep(2000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		t5.start();	// c2
		
	}
	
	
	
}

打印结果：

当前线程：t1进入方法m1等待..
当前线程：t2进入方法m2等待..
当前线程：t3进入方法m3等待..
当前线程：t4唤醒..
当前线程：t1方法m1继续..
当前线程：t2方法m2继续..
当前线程：t5唤醒..
当前线程：t3方法m3继续..

二、读写锁

读写锁ReentrantReadWriteLock，其核心就是实现读写分离的锁。在高并发访问下尤其是读多写少的情况下，性能远高于重入锁

之前学的synchronized、ReentrantLock，我们知道，同一个时间内只能有一个线程进行访问被锁定的代码。那么读写锁则不同，其本质是分成2个锁，即读锁和写锁，在读锁下，多个线程可以高并发的进行访问，但是在写锁的时候，只能一个一个的顺序访问

口诀：读读共享，写写互斥，读写互斥

public class UseReentrantReadWriteLock {

	private ReentrantReadWriteLock rwLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
	private ReadLock readLock = rwLock.readLock();
	private WriteLock writeLock = rwLock.writeLock();
	
	public void read(){
		try {
			readLock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入...");
			Thread.sleep(3000);
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出...");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			readLock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void write(){
		try {
			writeLock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入...");
			Thread.sleep(3000);
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出...");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			writeLock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		final UseReentrantReadWriteLock urrw = new UseReentrantReadWriteLock();
		
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				urrw.read();
			}
		}, "t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				urrw.read();
			}
		}, "t2");
		Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				urrw.write();
			}
		}, "t3");
		Thread t4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				urrw.write();
			}
		}, "t4");		
		
//		t1.start();
//		t2.start();
		
//		t1.start(); // R 
//		t3.start(); // W
		
		t3.start();
		t4.start();

		
	}
}

打印结果：

当前线程:t3进入...
当前线程:t3退出...
当前线程:t4进入...
当前线程:t4退出...

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在java多线程中，我们知道synchronized关键字可以实现线程之间的同步互斥工作。我们也可以用Lock来完成这个工作，这里有2种锁：重入锁和读写锁，他们有嗅探锁定、多路分支的功能。一、重入锁1、重入锁需要在代码块中加上锁定，但最后一定要记得释放锁定，不然会造成锁永远无法释放，其他线程进不来的结果。public class UseReentrantLock { privat
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