virtual 表示父类中方法可被重写(父类中未声明为virtual的即不可被重写);
abstract 表示方法为抽象类,声明时不含方法体,且所在类也需变为抽象类;
override 表示子类中重写的方法(父类中被继承的方法应该是virtual或abstract)
new 表示覆盖父类中的方法,不管该方法是否是可重写的,均可覆盖
sealed 表示密封/保护子类中继承父类的方法,非继承方法不可用sealed
示例如下(C#):
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Test
{
/*
* ==============================================================================
* Filename: Father
* Description: Class Father provide a class describing...
*
* Version: 1.0
* Created: 2019/3/1 15:54:56
* Compiler: Visual Studio 2017
*
* Author: XXX
* Company: XXX
* ==============================================================================
*/
abstract class Father
{
public string SayHello()
{
return "Hello !";
}
public string SayGood()
{
return "Good ! ";
}
//父类中声明该方法是允许重写的方法(virtual)
public virtual string SayNo()
{
return "No ! ";
}
//必须在子类中重写
public abstract string SayYes();
}
class ChildA : Father
{
//除父类中virtual和abstract修饰的方法外,均不可被重写
//override:重写父类方法,必须/最好 显示重写
public override string SayNo()
{
return base.SayNo() + this.GetType().Name + "!";
}
//new:即使声明为virtual的父类方法,也可被覆盖
//public new string SayNo()
//{
// return base.SayNo() + this.GetType().Name + "!";
//}
//override:抽象类重写:必须要重新父类抽象类,必须要有关键字override
//sealed: 密封被重写override的方法,即该方法所在类的派生类不可被重载
public override sealed string SayYes()
{
return "Yes !" + this.GetType().Name + "!";
}
//new:抽象类也可直接被覆盖
//public new string SayYes()
//{
// return "Yes !" + this.GetType().Name + "!";
//}
//new:对于父类中不可重写的类,可用new覆盖
public new string SayGood()
{
return base.SayGood() + this.GetType().Name + "!";
}
}
class ChildB : ChildA
{
//override:只可重写SayNo,因为SayYes被sealed(当SayYes未被sealed时可被重写)
public override string SayNo()
{
return base.SayNo();
}
}
}