驱动程序如下:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
static struct class *fifthdrv_class;
static struct class_device *fifthdrv_class_dev;
volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;
volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;
static struct fasync_struct *button_async;
struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};
/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;
struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
{S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
{S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};
/*
* 确定按键值
*/
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
unsigned int pinval;
pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);
if (pinval)
{
/* 松开 */
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
/* 按下 */
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}
/*
当中断发生时,我们在中断里边通过kill_fasync()函数发送信号告诉应用程序,
然后应用程序再调用read()函数让其去调用执行底层驱动的read()函数,这样就实现了异步通知;
*/
kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}
static int fifth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
/*配置相应的引脚为中断引脚*/
request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
ssize_t fifth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
if (size != 1)
return -EINVAL;
/* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
return 1;
}
int fifth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}
/*
为了使设备支持异步通知机制,驱动程序中涉及3项工作:
1>
支持F_SETOWN命令,能在这个控制命令处理中设置filp->f_owner为对应进程ID。
不过此项工作已由内核完成,设备驱动无需处理。
2>
支持F_SETFL命令的处理,每当FASYNC标志改变时,驱动程序中的fasync()函数将得以执行。因此,
驱动程序中应该实现fasync()函数
3>
在设备资源可获得时,调用kill_fasync()函数激发相应的信号;
*/
static int fifth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on)
{
printk("driver: fifth_drv_fasync\n");
return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async);
}
static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
.open = fifth_drv_open,
.read = fifth_drv_read,
.release = fifth_drv_close,
.fasync = fifth_drv_fasync,
};
int major;
static int fifth_drv_init(void)
{
major = register_chrdev(0, "fifth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);
fifthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "fifth_drv");
fifthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(fifthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */
gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;
gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;
return 0;
}
static void fifth_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, "fifth_drv");
class_device_unregister(fifthdrv_class_dev);
class_destroy(fifthdrv_class);
iounmap(gpfcon);
iounmap(gpgcon);
return 0;
}
module_init(fifth_drv_init);
module_exit(fifth_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
注:
阻塞I/O意味着一直等待设备可访问后再访问;
非阻塞I/O中使用pll()查询设备是否可访问;
而异步通知则意味着设备通知自身可访问,实现了异步I/O
总结:
阻塞和非阻塞I/O都是通过应用程序事先主动去访问驱动程序,
而事先并不知驱动程序那边的情况;
异步通知则是驱动程序主动去告知应用程序,而无需应用程序
事先去访问;
测试程序如下:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
/* fifthdrvtest
*/
int fd;
void my_signal_fun(int signum)
{
unsigned char key_val;
read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
unsigned char key_val;
int ret;
int Oflags;
fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("can't open!\n");
}
/*在应用层启动信号驱动机制的三步:
1>
fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
2>
Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);
3>
signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);
*/
/*
当应用程序收到SIGIO信号时,调用my_signal_fun()函数去处理这个信号
*/
signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun);
/*
设置设备文件的拥有者为本进程,这样从设备驱动发出的信号才能被本进程接收到;
*/
fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
/*设置设备文件支持FASYNC,即异步通知模式*/
Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC);
while (1)
{
sleep(1000);
}
return 0;
}
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