Spring——依赖注入

依赖注入是Spring IoC容器实现反转控制的方式， Spring 的IoC容器以依赖注入的方式实现了Bean对象之间关系的维护。

两种方式的对象注入：
1、基于构造方法的依赖注入
     先看一个简单的例子：
<1>实现Bean对象

package com.injection.bean;
public class ConstructInjectionBean {
    private AnotherBean anotherBean;
    private YetAnotherBean yetAnotherBean;
    private int I;
    public ConstructInjectionBean( AnotherBean anotherBean, YetAnotherBean yetAnotherBean, int i) {
    	this.anotherBean = anotherBean;
	this.yetAnotherBean = yetAnotherBean;
    	this.i = i;
    }
    public void display() {
        System.out.println( "ConstructInjectionBean:" );
System.out.println( this.yetAnotherBean );
System.out.println( i );
    }
}

 <2>配置bean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd">

<bean id="anotherBean" class="com.injection.bean.AnotherBean"/>
<bean id="yetAnotherBean" class="com.injection.bean.YetAnotherBean"/>

<!--  基于构造方法的依赖注入 -->
<bean id="constructInjectionBean" class="com.injection.bean.ConstructInjectionBean">

<!-- 使用ref标签来指定被注入的参数 -->
      <constructor-arg>
  <ref bean="anotherBean"/>
      </constructor-arg>
      <constructor-arg ref="yetAnotherBean"/>
      <!-- 直接定义常量来作为被注入的参数 -->
      <constructor-arg type="int" value="1"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试主程序

public class InjectionMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
		 ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); 
		ConstructInjectionBean constructInjectionBean = 	(ConstructInjectionBean)context.getBean( "constructInjectionBean" );
		constructInjectionBean.display();
	}
}

2、基于setter方法的依赖注入
    使用setter方法的依赖注入，需要首先通过调用无参构造器或无参静态工厂方法实例化Bean，然后再调用该Bean的setter方法实现setter依赖注入；

<1>实现bean对象

public class Person {
	private Long pid;
	private String pname;
	private Student student;
	private List lists;
	private Set sets;
	private Map maps;
	private Properties properties;
	
	public Person(String pname,Student student){
		this.pname = pname;
		this.student = student;
		
	}
	public Long getPid() {
		return pid;
	}
	public void setPid(Long pid) {
		this.pid = pid;
	}
	public String getPname() {
		return pname;
	}
	public void setPname(String pname) {
		this.pname = pname;
	}
	public Student getStudent() {
		return student;
	}
	public void setStudent(Student student) {
		this.student = student;
	}
	public List getLists() {
		return lists;
	}
	public void setLists(List lists) {
		this.lists = lists;
	}
	public Set getSets() {
		return sets;
	}
	public void setSets(Set sets) {
		this.sets = sets;
	}
	public Map getMaps() {
		return maps;
	}
	public void setMaps(Map maps) {
		this.maps = maps;
	}
	public Properties getProperties() {
		return properties;
	}
	public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
		this.properties = properties;
	}
}

<2>配置bean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
           
       <!-- 
       		把person和student纳入spring容器
       		
        -->
       <bean id="person" class="cn.itcast.spring01.di.Person">
       		<!-- 
       			property代表Person类的一个属性
       			name为属性的名称
       			value代表属性的值
       			String 类型和基本类型是用value来进行赋值的
       		 -->
       		<property name="pid" value="2"></property>
       		<property name="pname" value="里活命"></property>
       		
       		<!-- 给引用赋值 -->
       		<property name="student">
       			<!-- 
       				利用ref给对象赋值
       			 -->
       			<ref bean="student"/>
       		</property>
       		<property name="lists">
       			<list>
       				<value>list1</value>
       				<value>list2</value>
       				<ref bean="student"/>
       			</list>
       		</property>
       		<property name="sets">
       			<set>
       				<value>set1</value>
       				<value>set2</value>
       				<ref bean="student"/>
       			</set>
       		</property>
       		<property name="maps">
       			<map>
       				<entry key="entry1">
       					<value>
       						aaa
       					</value>
       				</entry>
       				<entry key="entry2">
       					<value>
       						bbb
       					</value>
       				</entry>
       				<entry key="entry3">
       					<ref bean="student"/>
       				</entry>
       			</map>
       		</property>
       		<property name="properties">
       			<props>
       				<prop key="prop1">
       					prop1
       				</prop>
       				<prop key="prop2">
       					prop2
       				</prop>
       			</props>
       		</property>
       		<!-- 
       			定义person中的构造器
       			用<constructor-arg></constructor-arg>来确定唯一的构造器
       			index
       				参数的索引值
       			ref
       				给引用类型赋值
       			value
       				给基本类型赋值
       		 -->
       		<constructor-arg value="aaaa"></constructor-arg>
     		<constructor-arg ref="student"></constructor-arg>
       </bean>
       
       <bean id="student" class="cn.itcast.spring01.di.Student"></bean>
</beans>

<3>测试主程序

public class PersonTest {
	@Test
	public void test(){
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("cn/itcast/spring01/di/applicationContext.xml");
		
		Person person = (Person)context.getBean("person");		
	
		System.out.println(person.getPid());
		
		System.out.println(person.getPname());
		
		person.getStudent().say();
		
		List list = person.getLists();
		
		System.out.println("size:"+list.size());
	}
}

<特殊>bean中的构造方法参数有多个时

public Person(String pname,String ss,Student student){
		this.pname = pname;
                              this.ss = ss;
		this.student = student;
		
	}

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
    <!-- 
    	把person和student纳入spring容器中
     -->
     <bean id="person" class="cn.itcast.spring0401.di.constructor.Person">
     <!-- 
     		定义person中的构造器
     		用<constructor-arg></constructor-arg>来确定唯一的构造器
     		index 
     		  参数的索引值
     		ref 
     		  给引用类型赋值
     		value
     		  给基本类型赋值
     	 -->
     	<constructor-arg index="0" value="aaaa"></constructor-arg>
     	<constructor-arg index="1" value="sss"></constructor-arg>
     	<constructor-arg index="2" ref="student"></constructor-arg>
     </bean>
     <bean id="student" class="cn.itcast.spring0401.di.constructor.Student"></bean>
</beans>