java内部类简单解析

在Java中，可以将一个类定义在另一个类里面或者一个方法里面，这样的类称为内部类。
好比你设计类 B 的目的只是为了给类 A 使用，那么，我们就可将其设定为内部类，没有必要将类 B 设置成单独的 Java 文件，防止与其他类产生依赖关系.

成员内部类

如下,内部类可以访问外部类的成员变量,但是外部类不可以访问内部类的成员变量!!

public class Demo_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Outter out = new Outter();
        Outter.Inner in = out.new Inner();
        in.show();
        in.fun();
    }
}

class Outter {
    private int num = 5;

    class Inner {
        int tt = 2;

        public void show() {
            System.out.println(num);
        }

        public void fun() {
            Inner in = new Inner();
            in.show();
        }
    }
}

静态内部类

静态内部类不可以使用任何外部类的非static成员变量和方法，而内部类则都可以

public class Demo_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Outter.Inner in = new Outter.Inner();
        in.show();
        in.fun();
    }
}

class Outter {
    private static int num = 5;
    static class Inner {

        public void show() {
            System.out.println(num);
        }
        public void fun() {
            Inner in = new Inner();
            in.show();
        }
    }
}

局部内部类

局部内部类就是定义在方法中的类了,较少用

public class Demo_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Outter out = new Outter();
        out.fun();
    }
}

class Outter {
    public void fun() {
        class Inner {
            public void show() {
                System.out.println("hello world");
            }
        }
        Inner in = new Inner();
        in.show();
    }
}

匿名内部类

匿名内部类是为了简化实现接口的写法.lambda是为了进一步简化写法.并无别的高深之处.
一般情况下实现一个方法时如下的

public class Demo_2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test test =new Test();
        test.show();
    }

}

interface inter{
    void show();
}

class Test implements inter{

    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.println("show");
    }
}

为了简化书写,引入了匿名内部类

public class Demo_2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new inter() {
            @Override
            public void show() {
                System.out.println("this is anonymous class");
            }
        }.show();
    }
}

interface inter {
    void show();
}

还可以进一步简化书写

public class Demo_2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ((inter) () -> System.out.println("this is anonymous class")).show();
    }
}

interface inter {
    void show();
}

内部类的应用

以hadoop的MRAPPMaster类为例,其有多个内部类

以成员内部类 RunningAppContext为例,其成员变量不可以被外部类MRAPPMaster所访问到. 可以通过idea作图了解一个类的概况.

 public class RunningAppContext implements AppContext {

    private final Map<JobId, Job> jobs = new ConcurrentHashMap<JobId, Job>();
    private final Configuration conf;
    private final ClusterInfo clusterInfo = new ClusterInfo();
    private final ClientToAMTokenSecretManager clientToAMTokenSecretManager;

    public RunningAppContext(Configuration config) {
      this.conf = config;
      this.clientToAMTokenSecretManager =
          new ClientToAMTokenSecretManager(appAttemptID, null);
    }

    @Override
    public ApplicationAttemptId getApplicationAttemptId() {
      return appAttemptID;
    }

    @Override
    public ApplicationId getApplicationID() {
      return appAttemptID.getApplicationId();
    }

    @Override
    public String getApplicationName() {
      return appName;
    }

    @Override
    public long getStartTime() {
      return startTime;
    }

    @Override
    public Job getJob(JobId jobID) {
      return jobs.get(jobID);
    }

    @Override
    public Map<JobId, Job> getAllJobs() {
      return jobs;
    }

    @Override
    public EventHandler getEventHandler() {
      return dispatcher.getEventHandler();
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getUser() {
      return this.conf.get(MRJobConfig.USER_NAME);
    }

    @Override
    public Clock getClock() {
      return clock;
    }
    
    @Override
    public ClusterInfo getClusterInfo() {
      return this.clusterInfo;
    }

    @Override
    public Set<String> getBlacklistedNodes() {
      return ((RMContainerRequestor) containerAllocator).getBlacklistedNodes();
    }
    
    @Override
    public ClientToAMTokenSecretManager getClientToAMTokenSecretManager() {
      return clientToAMTokenSecretManager;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isLastAMRetry(){
      return isLastAMRetry;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasSuccessfullyUnregistered() {
      return successfullyUnregistered.get();
    }

    public void markSuccessfulUnregistration() {
      successfullyUnregistered.set(true);
    }

    public void resetIsLastAMRetry() {
      isLastAMRetry = false;
    }

    @Override
    public String getNMHostname() {
      return nmHost;
    }
  }