LeetCode 338. Counting Bits

Description

Given a non negative integer number num. For every numbers i in the range 0 ≤ i ≤ num calculate the number of 1’s in their binary representation and return them as an array.
Example:
For num = 5 you should return [0,1,1,2,1,2].
Follow up:

• It is very easy to come up with a solution with run time O(n*sizeof(integer)). But can you do it in linear time O(n) /possibly in a single pass?
• Space complexity should be O(n).
• Can you do it like a boss? Do it without using any builtin function like __builtin_popcount in c++ or in any other language.

Solution

题目给一整数n，要求统计从0到n每个数的二进制写法中1的个数，然后存入一个一维数组中返回。写出0到15的数的二进制和1的个数如下:

    0000    0
-------------
    0001    1
-------------
    0010    1
    0011    2
-------------
    0100    1
    0101    2
    0110    2
    0111    3
-------------
    1000    1
    1001    2
    1010    2
    1011    3
    1100    2
    1101    3
    1110    3
    1111    4

除去前两个数字0个1，从2开始，2和3，是[21, 22)区间的，值为1和2。而4到7属于[22, 23)区间的，值为1,2,2,3，前半部分1和2和上一区间相同，2和3是上面的基础上每个数字加1。再看8到15，属于[23, 24)区间的，同样满足上述规律。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> countBits(int num) {
        if (num == 0) return {0};
        vector<int> res{0, 1};
        int k = 2, i = 2;
        while (i <= num) {
            for (i = pow(2, k - 1); i < pow(2, k); ++i) {
                if (i > num) break;
                int t = (pow(2, k) - pow(2, k - 1)) / 2;
                if (i < pow(2, k - 1) + t) res.push_back(res[i - t]);
                else res.push_back(res[i - t] + 1);
            }
            ++k;
        }
        return res;
    }
};