嵌入式linux字符设备驱动--LED驱动编写

linux内核编程主要就是驱动
驱动分为字符设备、块设备、网络设备
驱动的编写就是将原来嵌入式操作寄存器的函数按照linux的驱动框架填进去

芯片：野火imx6ull
linux版本4.15

led.c

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/ide.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <asm/mach/map.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>


/* 寄存器物理地址 */
#define CCM_CCGR1_BASE (0X020C406C) 
#define SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE (0X020E0068)
#define SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE (0X020E02F4)
#define GPIO1_DR_BASE (0X0209C000)
#define GPIO1_GDIR_BASE (0X0209C004)

/* 映射后的寄存器虚拟地址指针 */
static void __iomem *IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1;
static void __iomem *SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03;
static void __iomem *SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03;
static void __iomem *GPIO1_DR;
static void __iomem *GPIO1_GDIR;

#define LED_CNT 1 /* 设备号个数 */
#define LED_NAME "myled" /* 名字 */

/* led 设备结构体 */
struct led_dev{
	dev_t devid; /* 设备号 */
	struct cdev cdev; /* cdev */
	struct class *class; /* 类 */
	struct device *device; /* 设备 */
	int major; /* 主设备号 */
	int minor; /* 次设备号 */
};
 
struct led_dev led; /* led 设备 */

static void led_gpio_config(void)
{
	u32 val = 0;

	/* 初始化 LED */
	/* 1、寄存器地址映射 */
	IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1 = ioremap(CCM_CCGR1_BASE, 4);
	SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE, 4);
	SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE, 4);
	GPIO1_DR = ioremap(GPIO1_DR_BASE, 4);
	GPIO1_GDIR = ioremap(GPIO1_GDIR_BASE, 4);

	/* 2、使能 GPIO1 时钟 */
	val = readl(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
	val &= ~(3 << 26); /* 清除以前的设置 */
	val |= (3 << 26); /* 设置新值 */
	writel(val, IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);

	/* 3、设置 GPIO1_IO03 的复用功能，将其复用为
	 * GPIO1_IO03，最后设置 IO 属性。
	*/
	writel(5, SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03);
	 
	/* 寄存器 SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03 设置 IO 属性 */
	writel(0x10B0, SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03);

	/* 4、设置 GPIO1_IO03 为输出功能 */
	val = readl(GPIO1_GDIR);
	val &= ~(1 << 3); /* 清除以前的设置 */
	val |= (1 << 3); /* 设置为输出 */
	 
	writel(val, GPIO1_GDIR);
	/* 5、默认关闭 LED */
	val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
	val |= (1 << 3); 
	writel(val, GPIO1_DR);
}

static void led_sw(unsigned char x)
{
	unsigned long tmp = 0;
	
	if(x == '1')
	{
		tmp = readl(GPIO1_DR);
		tmp |= (1 << 3);
		writel(tmp, GPIO1_DR);
	}
	else if(x == '0')
		{
			tmp = readl(GPIO1_DR);
			tmp &= ~(1 << 3);
			writel(tmp, GPIO1_DR);
		}
}

static int led_open (struct inode * inode, struct file * file)
{
	printk(" device open\n");
	file->private_data = &led; /* 设置私有数据 */
	return 0;
}

static int led_release (struct inode * inode, struct file * file)
{
	printk(" device release\n");
	return 0;
}

ssize_t led_read (struct file *filp, char __user * buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	printk(" device read\n");
	return 0;
}

ssize_t led_write (struct file *filp, const char __user * buf, size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
{
	int retvalue;
	unsigned char databuf[1];
	unsigned char ledstat;
	
	retvalue = copy_from_user(databuf, buf, cnt);
	if(retvalue < 0) 
	{
		printk("kernel write failed!\r\n");
		return -EFAULT;
	}
	ledstat = databuf[0]; /* 获取状态值 */
	if(ledstat == '1') { led_sw('1'); /* 打开 LED 灯 */} 
	else if(ledstat == '0') {led_sw('0'); /* 关闭 LED 灯 */}

	printk(" device write\n");
	return 0;
}

/* 设备操作函数 */
static struct file_operations led_fops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.open = led_open,
	.read = led_read,
	.write = led_write,
	.release = led_release,
};

static int __init led_init(void)
{
	led_gpio_config();
	
	/* 1、创建设备号 */
	if (led.major) 
	{ /* 定义了设备号 */
		led.devid = MKDEV(led.major, 0);
		register_chrdev_region(led.devid, LED_CNT, LED_NAME);
	} 
	else 
	{ /* 没有定义设备号 */
		alloc_chrdev_region(&led.devid, 0, LED_CNT,LED_NAME); /* 申请设备号 */
		led.major = MAJOR(led.devid); /* 获取主设备号 */
		led.minor = MINOR(led.devid); /* 获取次设备号 */
	}
	printk("newcheled major=%d,minor=%d\r\n",led.major,led.minor);

	/* 2、初始化 cdev */
	led.cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
	cdev_init(&led.cdev, &led_fops);

	/* 3、添加一个 cdev */
	cdev_add(&led.cdev, led.devid, LED_CNT);

	/* 4、创建类 */
	led.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, LED_NAME);
	if (IS_ERR(led.class)) 
	{
		return PTR_ERR(led.class);
	}
	 
	/* 5、创建设备 */
	led.device = device_create(led.class, NULL,
	led.devid, NULL, LED_NAME);
	if (IS_ERR(led.device)) 
	{
		return PTR_ERR(led.device);
	}

	printk(" device insmod ok\n");
	return 0;
}

static void __exit led_exit(void)
{
	/* 取消映射 */
	iounmap(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
	iounmap(SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03);
	iounmap(SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03);
	iounmap(GPIO1_DR);
	iounmap(GPIO1_GDIR);

	/* 注销字符设备 */
	cdev_del(&led.cdev);/* 删除 cdev */
	unregister_chrdev_region(led.devid, LED_CNT);

	device_destroy(led.class, led.devid);
	class_destroy(led.class);

	printk(" device rmmod ok\n");
}

module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("guoguo");

Makefile

#内核源码树路径
KERN_DIR := /home/z/imax6ull/kernel
ARCH=arm
CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-

export  ARCH  CROSS_COMPILE

#目标文件
obj-m += led.o

all:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERN_DIR) M=$(CURDIR) modules

.PHONY:clean
clean:
	#$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(CURDIR) clean
	rm -f *.o *.ko *.order *.symvers

led应用测试程序 ledtest.c

#include "stdio.h"
#include "unistd.h"
#include "sys/types.h"
#include "sys/stat.h"
#include "fcntl.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "string.h"

static int fd = 0;

void led_init()
{
	/* 打开 led 驱动 */
	fd = open("/dev/myled", O_RDWR);
	if(fd < 0)
	{
		printf("file %s open failed!\r\n");
		return -1;
	}
}

int led_set(unsigned char x)
{
	int ret = 0;
	unsigned char buff[1];
	
	if(x){buff[0] = '1';}else{buff[0] = '0';}
	ret = write(fd, buff, sizeof(buff));
	if(ret < 0)
	{
		printf("LED Control Failed!\r\n");
		close(fd);
		return -1;
	}
}

int main()
{
	led_init();
	while(1)
	{
		led_set(1);
		sleep(1);
		led_set(0);
		sleep(1);
	}
	close(fd); /* 关闭文件 */
	return 0;
}

编译驱动 make
会在当前目录生成led.ko

编译应用程序 arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc ledtest.c-o ledtest

加载驱动 insmod led.ko
运行应用测试 ./ledtest