Android 结合网页开发服务器搭建（一）servlet知识 2 表单数据

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-08 22:34:19 发布

dumengfeixiang

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-08 22:34:19 发布

阅读量121

点赞数

分类专栏： 2018安卓进阶之路

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u010843151/article/details/79671805

版权

2018安卓进阶之路专栏收录该内容

5 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

根据上一章内容所讲Android 结合网页开发服务器搭建（一）servlet知识 1，这一章主要讲一些Servlet的应用。https://blog.csdn.net/u010843151/article/details/79667617

表单数据

当你需要从浏览器到 Web 服务器传递一些信息并最终传回到后台程序时，你一定遇到了许多情况。浏览器使用两种方法向 Web 服务器传递信息。这些方法是 GET 方法和 POST 方法。

GET 方法

GET 方法向页面请求发送已编码的用户信息。页面和已编码的信息用 ? 字符分隔，如下所示：

http://www.test.com/hello?key1=value1&key2=value2

GET 方法是从浏览器向 web 服务器传递信息的默认的方法，且它会在你的浏览器的地址栏中产生一个很长的字符串。如果你向服务器传递密码或其他敏感信息，请不要使用 GET 方法。GET 方法有大小限制：请求字符串中最多只能有 1024 个字符。

这些信息使用 QUERY_STRING 头传递，并通过 QUERY_STRING 环境变量访问，Servlet 使用 doGet() 方法处理这种类型的请求。

POST 方法

一般情况下，将信息传递给后台程序的一种更可靠的方法是 POST 方法。POST 方法打包信息的方式与 GET 方法相同，但是 POST 方法不是把信息作为 URL 中 ? 字符之后的文本字符串进行发送，而是把它作为一个单独的消息发送。消息以标准输出的形式传到后台程序，你可以在你的处理过程中解析并使用这些标准输出。Servlet 使用 doPost() 方法处理这种类型的请求。

使用 Servlet 读取表单数据

Servlet 以自动解析的方式处理表单数据，根据不同的情况使用如下不同的方法：

getParameter()：你可以调用 request.getParameter() 方法来获取表单参数的值。
getParameterValues()：如果参数出现不止一次，那么调用该方法并返回多个值，例如复选框。
getParameterNames()：如果你想要得到一个当前请求的所有参数的完整列表，那么调用该方法。

使用 URL 的 GET 方法实例

这是一个简单的 URL，使用 GET 方法将两个值传递给 HelloForm 程序。

http://localhost:8080/code_4_servlet2/servlet/HelloForm?first_name=ZARA&last_name=ALI

http://localhost:8080/code_4_servlet2/HelloForm?first_name=panzq&last_name=123123

下面是 HelloForm.java servlet 程序，处理由 web 浏览器给定的输入。我们将使用 getParameter() 方法，使访问传递的信息变得非常容易：

package com.pzq.code1;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HelloForm extends HttpServlet {

	/**
	 * Constructor of the object.
	 */
	public HelloForm() {
		super();
	}

	/**
	 * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
		// Put your code here
	}

	/**
	 * The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
	 * 
	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
	 * 
	 * @param request
	 *            the request send by the client to the server
	 * @param response
	 *            the response send by the server to the client
	 * @throws ServletException
	 *             if an error occurred
	 * @throws IOException
	 *             if an error occurred
	 */
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		response.setContentType("text/html");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		String title = "Using GET Method to Read Form Data";
		out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
		out.println("<HTML>");
		out.println("" + "<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>\n"
				+ "<body bgcolor=\"#f0f0f0\">\n" + "<h1 align=\"center\">"
				+ title + "</h1>\n" + "<ul>\n" + "  <li><b>First Name</b>: "
				+ request.getParameter("first_name") + "\n"
				+ "  <li><b>Last Name</b>: "
				+ request.getParameter("last_name") + "\n" + "</ul>\n"
				+ "</body>");
		out.println("</HTML>");
		out.flush();
		out.close();
	}

	/**
	 * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
	 * 
	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to
	 * post.
	 * 
	 * @param request
	 *            the request send by the client to the server
	 * @param response
	 *            the response send by the server to the client
	 * @throws ServletException
	 *             if an error occurred
	 * @throws IOException
	 *             if an error occurred
	 */
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		response.setContentType("text/html");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
		out.println("<HTML>");
		out.println("  <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
		out.println("  <BODY>");
		out.print("    This is ");
		out.print(this.getClass());
		out.println(", using the POST method");
		out.println("  </BODY>");
		out.println("</HTML>");
		out.flush();
		out.close();
	}

	/**
	 * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
	 * 
	 * @throws ServletException
	 *             if an error occurs
	 */
	public void init() throws ServletException {
		// Put your code here
	}

}

下面是一个简单的实例，使用 HTML 表单和提交按钮传递两个值。我们将使用相同的 Servlet HelloForm 来处理这个输入。

<html>
<body>
<form action="servlet/HelloForm" method="GET">
First Name: <input type="text" name="first_name">
<br />
Last Name: <input type="text" name="last_name" />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

将这个 HTML 保存到 hello.htm 文件中，并把它放在 webRoot目录下

当你访问 http://localhost:8080/code_4_servlet2/MyHtml.html 时，下面是上述表单的实际输出。

尝试输入姓名，然后点击提交按钮来在 tomcat 运行的本地计算机上查看结果。基于提供的输入，它会产生与上述例子中相似的结果。

使用表单的 POST 方法实例

让我们对上述 servlet 做一点修改，以便它可以处理 GET 方法和 POST 方法。下面是 HelloForm.java servlet 程序，使用 GET 和 POST 方法处理由 web 浏览器给出的输入。

package com.pzq.code1;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HelloForm extends HttpServlet {

	/**
	 * Constructor of the object.
	 */
	public HelloForm() {
		super();
	}

	/**
	 * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
		// Put your code here
	}

	/**
	 * The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
	 * 
	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
	 * 
	 * @param request
	 *            the request send by the client to the server
	 * @param response
	 *            the response send by the server to the client
	 * @throws ServletException
	 *             if an error occurred
	 * @throws IOException
	 *             if an error occurred
	 */
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		response.setContentType("text/html");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		String title = "Using GET Method to Read Form Data";
		out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
		out.println("<HTML>");
		out.println("" + "<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>\n"
				+ "<body bgcolor=\"#f0f0f0\">\n" + "<h1 align=\"center\">"
				+ title + "</h1>\n" + "<ul>\n" + "  <li><b>First Name</b>: "
				+ request.getParameter("first_name") + "\n"
				+ "  <li><b>Last Name</b>: "
				+ request.getParameter("last_name") + "\n" + "</ul>\n"
				+ "</body>");
		out.println("</HTML>");
		out.flush();
		out.close();
	}

	/**
	 * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
	 * 
	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to
	 * post.
	 * 
	 * @param request
	 *            the request send by the client to the server
	 * @param response
	 *            the response send by the server to the client
	 * @throws ServletException
	 *             if an error occurred
	 * @throws IOException
	 *             if an error occurred
	 */
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		doGet(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
	 * 
	 * @throws ServletException
	 *             if an error occurs
	 */
	public void init() throws ServletException {
		// Put your code here
	}

}

现在编译，部署上述 Servlet，并使用带有 POST 方法的 MyHtmlpost.htm 测试它，如下所示：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>MyHtmlpost.html</title>

<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

<!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->

</head>

<body>
	<form action="servlet/HelloForm" method="POST">
		First Name: <input type="text" name="first_name"> <br /> Last
		Name: <input type="text" name="last_name" /> <input type="submit"
			value="Submit" />
	</form>
</body>
</html>

输入 http://localhost:8080/code_4_servlet2/MyHtmlpost.html

将复选框数据传递到 Servlet 程序

当要选择多个选项时，就要使用复选框。

这是一个 HTML 代码实例，CheckBox.htm，一个表单带有两个复选框。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CheckBox.html</title>


<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">


<!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->


</head>


<body>
	<form action="servlet/CheckBox" method="POST" target="_blank">
		<input type="checkbox" name="maths" checked="checked" /> Maths
	    <input type="checkbox" name="physics" /> Physics 
	    <input type="checkbox" name="chemistry" checked="checked" /> Chemistry 
	    <input type="submit" value="Select Subject" />
</body>
</html>

这段代码的结果是如下所示的表单：

下面是 CheckBox.java servlet 程序，来为复选框按钮处理 web 浏览器给定的输入。

package com.pzq.code1;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class CheckBox extends HttpServlet {

	/**
	 * Constructor of the object.
	 */
	public CheckBox() {
		super();
	}

	/**
	 * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
		// Put your code here
	}

	/**
	 * The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
	 *
	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
	 * 
	 * @param request the request send by the client to the server
	 * @param response the response send by the server to the client
	 * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
	 * @throws IOException if an error occurred
	 */
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {// Set response content type
	      response.setContentType("text/html");
	      PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
	      String title = "Reading Checkbox Data";
	      String docType =
	      "<!doctype html public \"-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 " +
	      "transitional//en\">\n";
	      out.println(docType +
	                "<html>\n" +
	                "<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>\n" +
	                "<body bgcolor=\"#f0f0f0\">\n" +
	                "<h1 align=\"center\">" + title + "</h1>\n" +
	                "<ul>\n" +
	                "  <li><b>Maths Flag : </b>: "
	                + request.getParameter("maths") + "\n" +
	                "  <li><b>Physics Flag: </b>: "
	                + request.getParameter("physics") + "\n" +
	                "  <li><b>Chemistry Flag: </b>: "
	                + request.getParameter("chemistry") + "\n" +
	                "</ul>\n" +
	                "</body></html>");}

	/**
	 * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
	 *
	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
	 * 
	 * @param request the request send by the client to the server
	 * @param response the response send by the server to the client
	 * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
	 * @throws IOException if an error occurred
	 */
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		doGet(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
	 *
	 * @throws ServletException if an error occurs
	 */
	public void init() throws ServletException {
		// Put your code here
	}

}

上面的实例将显示如下所示结果：

读取所有的表单参数

以下是使用 HttpServletRequest 的 getParameterNames() 方法的通用实例来读取所有可用的表单参数。该方法返回一个枚举，包含了未指定顺序的参数名称。

一旦我们得到一个枚举，我们可以以标准方式循环这个枚举，使用 hasMoreElements() 方法来确定何时停止循环，使用 nextElement() 方法来获取每个参数的名称。

package com.pzq.code1;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class GetAllParam extends HttpServlet {

	/**
	 * Constructor of the object.
	 */
	public GetAllParam() {
		super();
	}

	/**
	 * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
		// Put your code here
	}

	/**
	 * The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
	 *
	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
	 * 
	 * @param request the request send by the client to the server
	 * @param response the response send by the server to the client
	 * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
	 * @throws IOException if an error occurred
	 */
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		 // Set response content type
	      response.setContentType("text/html");
	      PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
	      String title = "Reading All Form Parameters";
	      String docType =
	      "<!doctype html public \"-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 " +
	      "transitional//en\">\n";
	      out.println(docType +
	        "<html>\n" +
	        "<head><title>" + title + "</title></head>\n" +
	        "<body bgcolor=\"#f0f0f0\">\n" +
	        "<h1 align=\"center\">" + title + "</h1>\n" +
	        "<table width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" align=\"center\">\n" +
	        "<tr bgcolor=\"#949494\">\n" +
	        "<th>Param Name</th><th>Param Value(s)</th>\n"+
	        "</tr>\n");
	      Enumeration paramNames = request.getParameterNames();      
	      while(paramNames.hasMoreElements()) {
	         String paramName = (String)paramNames.nextElement();
	         out.print("<tr><td>" + paramName + "</td>\n<td>");
	         String[] paramValues =
	                request.getParameterValues(paramName);
	         // Read single valued data
	         if (paramValues.length == 1) {
	           String paramValue = paramValues[0];
	           if (paramValue.length() == 0)
	             out.println("<i>No Value</i>");
	           else
	             out.println(paramValue);
	         } else {
	             // Read multiple valued data
	             out.println("<ul>");
	             for(int i=0; i < paramValues.length; i++) {
	                out.println("<li>" + paramValues[i]);
	             }
	             out.println("</ul>");
	         }
	      }
	      out.println("</tr>\n</table>\n</body></html>");
		out.flush();
		out.close();
	}

	/**
	 * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
	 *
	 * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
	 * 
	 * @param request the request send by the client to the server
	 * @param response the response send by the server to the client
	 * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
	 * @throws IOException if an error occurred
	 */
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		doGet(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
	 *
	 * @throws ServletException if an error occurs
	 */
	public void init() throws ServletException {
		// Put your code here
	}

}

现在，用下面的表单尝试上述 servlet：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>getAllParam.html</title>
	
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page">
    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    
    <!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->

  </head>
  
  <body>
    <form action="servlet/GetAllParam" method="POST" target="_blank">
	<input type="checkbox" name="maths" checked="checked" /> Maths
	<input type="checkbox" name="physics"  /> Physics
	<input type="checkbox" name="chemistry" checked="checked" /> Chem
	<input type="submit" value="Select Subject" />
  </body>
</html>

dumengfeixiang

关注

0
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
Android 结合网页开发服务器搭建（一）servlet知识 2 表单数据

根据上一章内容所讲Android 结合网页开发服务器搭建（一）servlet知识 1，这一章主要讲一些Servlet的应用。https://blog.csdn.net/u010843151/article/details/79667617表单数据当你需要从浏览器到 Web 服务器传递一些信息并最终传回到后台程序时，你一定遇到了许多情况。浏览器使用两种方法向 Web 服务器传递信息。这些方法是 G...
复制链接

扫一扫