MyBatis 模糊查询 like %

我们在配置mapper文件的时候，想做模糊查询的配置，就像这样：

<select id="getAllUserRoleDepByName" resultMap="userRoleDepList">
        select
        u.*,r.*,d.* from
        user u left join user_role ur on u.user_id=ur.user_id
        left join role r on
        r.role_id=ur.role_id
        left join department d on
        <if test="user_name != null">
        u.department_id = d.department_id where u.user_name like '%#{user_name}%'
        </if>
    </select>

或者这样：

<select id="getAllUserRoleDepByName" resultMap="userRoleDepList">
        select
        u.*,r.*,d.* from
        user u left join user_role ur on u.user_id=ur.user_id
        left join role r on
        r.role_id=ur.role_id
        left join department d on
        <if test="user_name != null">
        u.department_id = d.department_id where u.user_name like '%' + #{user_name} + '%'
        </if>
    </select>

发现都不管用，运行报错，也在网上找了一些方法都没成功，最后还是在mybatis官网中看到动态sql中的bind方法，才解决问题，方法如下：
bind中定义相关属性。

<select id="getAllUserRoleDepByName" resultMap="userRoleDepList">
        <bind name="pattern" value="'%' + user_name + '%'"/>
        select
        u.*,r.*,d.* from
        user u left join user_role ur on u.user_id=ur.user_id
        left join role r on
        r.role_id=ur.role_id
        left join department d on
        <if test="user_name != null">
        u.department_id = d.department_id where u.user_name like #{pattern}
        </if>
    </select>