温故而知新--时间函数

 1. 先看一段程序

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int main(void)
{
	time_t cur = time(NULL);
	printf ("cur = %ld \n", cur);	
	printf("ctime(&cur) = %s", ctime(&cur));
	printf("asctime(gmtime(&cur)) = %s", asctime(gmtime(&cur)));
	printf("asctime(localtime(&cur)) = %s", asctime(localtime(&cur)));
	return 0;
}

其输出如下： 

cur = 1658548680
ctime(&cur) = Sat Jul 23 11:58:00 2022
asctime(gmtime(&cur)) = Sat Jul 23 03:58:00 2022
asctime(localtime(&cur)) = Sat Jul 23 11:58:00 2022

2. 参数介绍

#ifndef _TIME32_T_DEFINED
#define _TIME32_T_DEFINED
  typedef long __time32_t;
#endif

#ifndef _TIME64_T_DEFINED
#define _TIME64_T_DEFINED
  __MINGW_EXTENSION typedef __int64 __time64_t;
#endif

#ifndef _TIME_T_DEFINED
#define _TIME_T_DEFINED
#ifdef _USE_32BIT_TIME_T
  typedef __time32_t time_t;
#else
  typedef __time64_t time_t;
#endif
#endif

由于是64位系统，所有time_t的类型是__int64，上面打印的还是有点问题，应该这样

    printf ("cur = %lld \n", cur);

time_t time (time_t* timer);

Get the current calendar time as a value of type time_t.

The function returns this value, and if the argument is not a null pointer, it also sets this value to the object pointed by timer.

The value returned generally represents the number of seconds since 00:00 hours, Jan 1, 1970 UTC.

char* ctime (const time_t * timer);

Convert time_t value to string

Interprets the value pointed by timer as a calendar time and converts it to a C-string containing a human-readable version of the corresponding time and date, in terms of local time.

The returned string has the following format:

Www Mmm dd hh:mm:ss yyyy

struct tm * gmtime (const time_t * timer);

Convert time_t to tm as UTC time

Uses the value pointed by timer to fill a tm structure with the values that represent the corresponding time, expressed as a UTC time.

struct tm * localtime (const time_t * timer);

Convert time_t to tm as local time

Uses the value pointed by timer to fill a tm structure with the values that represent the corresponding time, expressed for the local timezone.

char* asctime (const struct tm * timeptr);

Convert tm structure to string

Interprets the contents of the tm structure pointed by timeptr as a calendar time and converts it to a C-string containing a human-readable version of the corresponding date and time.

The returned string has the following format:

Www Mmm dd hh:mm:ss yyyy

struct tm

Time structure

Structure containing a calendar date and time broken down into its components.

Member	Type	Meaning	Range
tm_sec	int	    seconds after the minute	0-60*
tm_min	int	    minutes after the hour	    0-59
tm_hour	int	    hours since midnight	    0-23
tm_mday	int	    day of the month	        1-31
tm_mon	int	    months since January    	0-11
tm_year	int	    years since 1900	
tm_wday	int	    days since Sunday	        0-6
tm_yday	int	    days since January 1	    0-365
tm_isdst	    int	Daylight Saving Time flag	

3. 程序释义

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int main(void)
{
	time_t cur = time(NULL);
    /* cur 是1970年1月1日0时0分0秒到此时的秒数 */
	printf ("cur = %lld \n", cur); 
    /* ctime(&cur)是将此时的时间转换成字符串输出，格式是星期几 几月 几号 某时：某分：某秒 某年 */
	printf("ctime(&cur) = %s", ctime(&cur));
    /*
     * gmtime(&cur)是将此时的时间转换成UTC时间，即零时区时间
     * localtime(&cur)是将此时的时间转换成本时区时间，即北京时间
     * asctime()是将上述两个函数获取的时间转换成字符串输出
     */
	printf("asctime(gmtime(&cur)) = %s", asctime(gmtime(&cur)));
	printf("asctime(localtime(&cur)) = %s", asctime(localtime(&cur)));
	return 0;
}

4. 附录

想了解C语言库函数了，可以到这里 https://cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/