【Java】线程池（三）拒绝策略

如果线程池无法执行任务，就会执行选择用当前的拒绝策略处理任务：

public void execute(Runnable command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        /*
         * Proceed in 3 steps:
         *
         * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
         * start a new thread with the given command as its first
         * task.  The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
         * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
         * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
         *
         * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
         * to double-check whether we should have added a thread
         * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
         * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
         * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
         * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
         *
         * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
         * thread.  If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
         * and so reject the task.
         */
        int c = ctl.get();
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
            if (addWorker(command, true))
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                addWorker(null, false);
        }
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
            reject(command);
    }




    final void reject(Runnable command) {
        handler.rejectedExecution(command, this);
    }

就是这里的reject方法。

这个handler实例就是该线程池的拒绝策略，先看下接口：

public interface RejectedExecutionHandler {

    /**
     * Method that may be invoked by a {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} when
     * {@link ThreadPoolExecutor#execute execute} cannot accept a
     * task.  This may occur when no more threads or queue slots are
     * available because their bounds would be exceeded, or upon
     * shutdown of the Executor.
     *
     * <p>In the absence of other alternatives, the method may throw
     * an unchecked {@link RejectedExecutionException}, which will be
     * propagated to the caller of {@code execute}.
     *
     * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
     * @param executor the executor attempting to execute this task
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if there is no remedy
     */
    void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor);
}

很简单。

再看下实现类，共有四种内置实现，全都是在ThreadPoolExecutor里定义的内部类：

AbortPolicy：抛出异常。

 public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates an {@code AbortPolicy}.
         */
        public AbortPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Always throws RejectedExecutionException.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         * @throws RejectedExecutionException always
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
                                                 " rejected from " +
                                                 e.toString());
        }
    }

DiscardPolicy：什么也不做

 /**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that silently discards the
     * rejected task.
     */
    public static class DiscardPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code DiscardPolicy}.
         */
        public DiscardPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Does nothing, which has the effect of discarding task r.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        }
    }

DiscardOldestPolicy：扔掉等待队列里最早的任务

/**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that discards the oldest unhandled
     * request and then retries {@code execute}, unless the executor
     * is shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
     */
    public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code DiscardOldestPolicy} for the given executor.
         */
        public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Obtains and ignores the next task that the executor
         * would otherwise execute, if one is immediately available,
         * and then retries execution of task r, unless the executor
         * is shut down, in which case task r is instead discarded.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                e.getQueue().poll();
                e.execute(r);
            }
        }
    }

CallerRunnerPolicy：由提交线程直接执行

    public static class CallerRunsPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code CallerRunsPolicy}.
         */
        public CallerRunsPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Executes task r in the caller's thread, unless the executor
         * has been shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                r.run();
            }
        }
    }

在ThreadPoolExecutor内部，AbortPolicy是默认的策略：

    /**
     * The default rejected execution handler
     */
    private static final RejectedExecutionHandler defaultHandler =
        new AbortPolicy();

下面看下各种例子：

public static void main(String args[]) {
        ExecutorService pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2,2,0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1),new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());

        for(int i = 0; i < 100;i++){
            pool.submit(()->{
                try {
                    System.out.println("start");
                    Thread.sleep(100000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            });
        }
    }

最终报错如下：

Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException: Task java.util.concurrent.FutureTask@5b480cf9 rejected from java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@6f496d9f[Running, pool size = 2, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 1, completed tasks = 0]
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:2047)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:823)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1369)
    at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:112)
    at com.liyao.F.main(F.java:12)

    public static void main(String args[]) {
        ExecutorService pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2,2,0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1),new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());

        for(int i = 0; i < 100;i++){
            int id = i;
            pool.submit(()->{
                try {
                    System.out.println("start: " + id);
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            });
        }
    }

结果：

start: 0
start: 1
start: 99

队列只有放一个任务，有两个线程，在执行前两个任务时，新来的任务不断把队列里存在的任务剔除掉，最后队列里就是最后一次提交的任务了。