ListView

ListView加载数据方式

     

ListView加载的数据结构有两种类型:

(1)简单数组类型 array,List结构等

(2)List<Map<?,Object>> 结构

对于ListView只是加载简单的文本数据的话,可以选择数组结构数据.
举例如下:

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private ListView listView;
	private String array[] = new String[] { "语文", "英语", "数学", "化学", "物理", "英语",
			"化学", "物理", "英语", "化学", "物理", "英语", "语文", "英语", "数学", "化学", "物理",
			"英语", "化学", "物理", "英语", "化学", "物理", "英语" };

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		listView = (ListView) this.findViewById(R.id.listView);
		listView.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<string>(this,
				android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, array));
	}
}
</string>

这里使用的适配器为最简单的ArrayAdapter,传递的数据为数组结构,当然也可以是List集合结构,或者从arrays.xml文件中读取的数组数据都可以. android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1为系统定义该项文本内容的样式,当然你可以选择其他系统样式,或者自己定义。

对于ListView加载复杂的数据,最大也就是文本+图片而已.这时我们可以选择List<Map<?,Object>>结构来获取数据.
举例如下:

package com.example.listviewtest;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;

public class SecondActivity extends Activity {
	private ListView listView;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		listView = (ListView) this.findViewById(R.id.listView);
		initData();
	}

	private void initData() {
		// 加载稍微复杂项数据,选用SimpleAdapter
		//List<Map<string object="">> list.size()就是项数,里面的map集合则是对应项的内容数据
		//R.layout.item是ListView中每一项的 内容布局,需要将 每一项的map填充到 该项组件中去
		BaseAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, getData(), R.layout.item,
				new String[] { "iconId", "content" }, new int[] { R.id.icon,
						R.id.content });
		listView.setAdapter(adapter);

	}

	private List<Map<string object="">> getData() {
		String stringArray[] = new String[] { "日程安排", "我的客户", "客户意向", "客户意见",
				"统计数据", "常用联系人" };
		Integer intArray[] = new Integer[] { R.drawable.a, R.drawable.b,
				R.drawable.c, R.drawable.d, R.drawable.e, R.drawable.f };
		List<Map<string object="">> data = new ArrayList<Map<string object="">>();
		Map<string object=""> map = null;
		for (int i = 0; i < Math.min(stringArray.length, intArray.length); i++) {
			map = new HashMap<string object="">();
			map.put("iconId", intArray[i]);
			map.put("content", stringArray[i]);
			data.add(map);
		}
		return data;

	}
}
</string></string></string></string></string></string>

每项数据item.xml布局文件内容如下:

<relativelayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="60dip" android:gravity="center_vertical">

    <imageview android:id="@+id/icon" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignparentleft="true" android:layout_marginleft="20dip" android:src="@drawable/a">

    <textview android:id="@+id/content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginleft="20dip" android:layout_torightof="@+id/icon" android:text="this is a">

    <imageview android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignparentright="true" android:layout_marginright="20dip" android:src="@drawable/btn_open">

</imageview></textview></imageview></relativelayout>

分析知道:要设置ListView每项数据的高度,就不能将该RelativeLayout中的Layout_height设置为fill_parent或者wrap_content(此两种效果相同),而是写出具体的值.那么问题来了?如果我要实现奇数项和偶数项的高度不同咧！实现效果图如下:

必须要自定义Adapter,在getView里获取每项布局，设置其布局参数,关键代码如下:

 
	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
		return createViewFromResource(position, convertView, parent, mResource);
	}

	private View createViewFromResource(int position, View convertView,
			ViewGroup parent, int resource) {
		ViewGroup v;
		if (convertView == null) {
			v = (ViewGroup) mInflater.inflate(resource, parent, false);
		} else {
			v = (ViewGroup) convertView;
		}
		int height = 180;
		switch (position) {
		case 0:
		case 2:
		case 4:
			height = 100;
		}
		ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(
				new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(-1, height));
		v.setLayoutParams(params);
		bindView(position, v);

		ViewGroup.LayoutParams lp = v.getLayoutParams();
		Log.i("test", position + ":" + lp.width + ":" + lp.height);

		return v;
	}

运行结果截图如下：

程序源代码下载

通过查看ListView加载复杂数据知,无非也就是在ListView数据项中添加 textView,ImageView,Checkable等类型数据,通过查看SimpleAdapter的bindView()方法就可以看出,该模块部分代码如下:

 if (!bound) {
					if (v instanceof Checkable) {
						if (data instanceof Boolean) {
							((Checkable) v).setChecked((Boolean) data);
						} else if (v instanceof TextView) {
							// Note: keep the instanceof TextView check at the
							// bottom of these
							// ifs since a lot of views are TextViews (e.g.
							// CheckBoxes).
							setViewText((TextView) v, text);
						} else {
							throw new IllegalStateException(v.getClass()
									.getName()
									+ " should be bound to a Boolean, not a "
									+ (data == null ? "<unknown type="">"
											: data.getClass()));
						}
					} else if (v instanceof TextView) {
						// Note: keep the instanceof TextView check at the
						// bottom of these
						// ifs since a lot of views are TextViews (e.g.
						// CheckBoxes).
						setViewText((TextView) v, text);
					} else if (v instanceof ImageView) {
						if (data instanceof Integer) {
							setViewImage((ImageView) v, (Integer) data);
						} else {
							setViewImage((ImageView) v, text);
						}
					} else {
						throw new IllegalStateException(
								v.getClass().getName()
										+ " is not a "
										+ " view that can be bounds by this SimpleAdapter");
					}
 </unknown>

加载其他类型组件,就需要自定义适配器了.通过上面代码,也可以看出我们给ImageView传递什么样的数据,为什么是Integer(int)型数据,当然也可以是String类型(最后还是要将String转换成Integer). 因为 ImageView会调用setImageResource(value);方法来给ImageView赋值。在这里，我们ListView的基础用法就讲解完了,后面我们还讨论ListView的样式设计、应用场景、以及源码分析和优化等多个方面一起探讨ListView,敬请关注！ 同时,也欢迎大家和我一起学习探讨，一起提高!