hutool学习第二天-唯一ID工具-IdUtil

主键ID生成方式

数据库自增(mysql)

自增ID是数据库系统提供的功能，通常每插入一条记录，该字段自动加1。

	CREATE TABLE Users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    username VARCHAR(100)
	);

mybatis主键自增（mysql）

useGeneratedKeys设置自动生成主键，keyProperty设置主键列名，该方式适用于大多数关系型数据库

	<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="User" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
	  INSERT INTO Users (username) VALUES (#{username})
	</insert>

UUID

UUID是一种128位的全局唯一标识，通常表示为32个十六进制数字。UUID的生成通常依赖于标准库或工具。

	import java.util.UUID;
	String userId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

雪花算法

雪花算法生成的ID是一个64位的整型，包含时间戳、机器ID和序列号。通常格式为：
0 ms 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 0000-12-31 23:59:59.999 00 000000

	public class SnowflakeIdGenerator {
    private final long workerId; // 机器ID
    private final long datacenterId; // 数据中心ID
    private static final long SEQUENCE_BITS = 12L; // 支持的序列数
    private static final long WORKER_ID_BITS = 5L; // 机器ID的位数
    private static final long DATACENTER_ID_BITS = 5L; // 数据中心ID的位数
    private static final long MAX_WORKER_ID = ~(-1L << WORKER_ID_BITS); // max workerId
    private static final long MAX_DATACENTER_ID = ~(-1L << DATACENTER_ID_BITS); // max datacenterId
    private static final long SEQUENCE_MASK = ~(-1L << SEQUENCE_BITS); // max sequence

    private long sequence = 0; // 当前序列
    private long lastTimestamp = -1;

    public SnowflakeIdGenerator(long workerId, long datacenterId) {
        if (workerId > MAX_WORKER_ID || workerId < 0 || 
            datacenterId > MAX_DATACENTER_ID || datacenterId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("workerId or datacenterId is invalid");
        }
        this.workerId = workerId;
        this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
    }

    public synchronized long nextId() {
        long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
        if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id");
        }
        if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {
            sequence = (sequence + 1) & SEQUENCE_MASK;
            if (sequence == 0) {
                timestamp = waitNextMillis(lastTimestamp);
            }
        } else {
            sequence = 0;
        }
        lastTimestamp = timestamp;
        return ((timestamp << (WORKER_ID_BITS + DATACENTER_ID_BITS + SEQUENCE_BITS)) |
                (datacenterId << (WORKER_ID_BITS + SEQUENCE_BITS)) |
                (workerId << SEQUENCE_BITS) | sequence);
    }

    private long waitNextMillis(long lastTimestamp) {
        long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
        while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {
            timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
        }
        return timestamp;
    }
}

// 使用示例
SnowflakeIdGenerator generator = new SnowflakeIdGenerator(1, 1);
long id = generator.nextId();

IdUtil

1. UUID
   • 生成uuid带-

   IdUtil.randomUUID()
   

   • 生成uuid不带-

   IdUtil.simpleUUID()
   

   • 生成uuid带-，性能更好

   IdUtil.fastUUID()
   

   
   • 生成uuid不带-，性能更好

   IdUtil.fastSimpleUUID()
   

2. ObjectId（mongodb）

   生成mongodb主键

   IdUtil.objectId()
   

3. Snowflake

   Snowflake snowflake = IdUtil.getSnowflake();
   long l = snowflake.nextId();