count_if函数原型如下:
前两个参数是iterator(迭代器),表示查找
半闭合区间
的前后两个位置,第三个参数为一个用户定义的predicate function object,而
predicate意思就是说是一个返回值是bool型的仿函数(function object,也称functor)。
count函数原型如下:
count例子:
- template<class _InIt, class _Pr> inline
- typename iterator_traits<_InIt>::difference_type
- count_if(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, _Pr _Pred);
count函数原型如下:
- template<class InputIterator, class T> inline
- size_t count(
- InputIterator First,
- InputIterator Last,
- const T& Value
- )
前两个参数如上,只是第三个参数是一个T类型的常量,相比之下,count_if具有更大的灵活性。
count_if例子:
- // countif.cpp
- // compile with: /EHsc
- //
- // Functions:
- //
- // count_if - Count items in a range that satisfy a predicate.
- //
- // begin - Returns an iterator that points to the first element in
- // a sequence.
- //
- // end - Returns an iterator that points one past the end of a
- // sequence.
- // disable warning C4786: symbol greater than 255 character,
- // okay to ignore
- #pragma warning(disable: 4786)
- #include <iostream>
- #include <algorithm>
- #include <functional>
- #include <string>
- #include <vector>
- using namespace std;
- // Return true if string str starts with letter 'S'
- int MatchFirstChar( const string& str)
- {
- string s("S") ;
- return s == str.substr(0,1) ; //返回字符串中从0开始的,长度为1的字符串
- }
- int main()
- {
- const int VECTOR_SIZE = 8 ;
- // Define a template class vector of strings
- typedef vector<string > StringVector ;
- //Define an iterator for template class vector of strings
- typedef StringVector::iterator StringVectorIt ;
- StringVector NamesVect(VECTOR_SIZE) ; //vector containing names
- StringVectorIt start, end, it ;
- ptrdiff_t result = 0 ; // stores count of elements
- // that match value.
- // Initialize vector NamesVect
- NamesVect[0] = "She" ;
- NamesVect[1] = "Sells" ;
- NamesVect[2] = "Sea" ;
- NamesVect[3] = "Shells" ;
- NamesVect[4] = "by" ;
- NamesVect[5] = "the" ;
- NamesVect[6] = "Sea" ;
- NamesVect[7] = "Shore" ;
- start = NamesVect.begin() ; // location of first
- // element of NamesVect
- end = NamesVect.end() ; // one past the location
- // last element of NamesVect
- // print content of NamesVect
- cout << "NamesVect { " ;
- for(it = start; it != end; it++)
- cout << *it << " " ;
- cout << " }\n" << endl ;
- // Count the number of elements in the range [first, last +1)
- // that start with letter 'S'
- result = count_if(start, end, MatchFirstChar) ; //第三个参数叫做谓词
- // print the count of elements that start with letter 'S'
- cout << "Number of elements that start with letter \"S\" = "
- << result << endl ;
- }
- // count.cpp
- // compile with: /EHsc
- //
- // Functions:
- //
- // count - Count items in a range that match a value.
- // disable warning C4786: symbol greater than 255 character,
- // okay to ignore
- #pragma warning(disable: 4786)
- #include <iostream>
- #include <algorithm>
- #include <functional>
- #include <string>
- #include <vector>
- using namespace std;
- int main()
- {
- const int VECTOR_SIZE = 8 ;
- // Define a template class vector of strings
- typedef vector<string > StringVector ;
- //Define an iterator for template class vector of strings
- typedef StringVector::iterator StringVectorIt ;
- StringVector NamesVect(VECTOR_SIZE) ; //vector containing names
- string value("Sea") ; // stores the value used
- // to count matching elements
- StringVectorIt start, end, it ;
- ptrdiff_t result = 0 ; // stores count of elements
- // that match value.
- // Initialize vector NamesVect
- NamesVect[0] = "She" ;
- NamesVect[1] = "Sells" ;
- NamesVect[2] = "Sea" ;
- NamesVect[3] = "Shells" ;
- NamesVect[4] = "by" ;
- NamesVect[5] = "the" ;
- NamesVect[6] = "Sea" ;
- NamesVect[7] = "Shore" ;
- start = NamesVect.begin() ; // location of first
- // element of NamesVect
- end = NamesVect.end() ; // one past the location
- // last element of NamesVect
- // print content of NamesVect
- cout << "NamesVect { " ;
- for(it = start; it != end; it++)
- cout << *it << " " ;
- cout << " }\n" << endl ;
- // Count the number of elements in the range [first, last +1)
- // that match value.
- result = count(start, end, value) ;
- // print the count of elements that match value
- cout << "Number of elements that match \"Sea\" = "
- << result << endl ;
- }