参考
OpenvSwitch完全使用手册
云计算底层技术-使用openvswitch
Open vSwitch 概述;OVS支持的功能;ovs的模块介绍(ovs-vswitchd、ovsdb-server等等
学习环境
学习 OpenStack
2 个 Hyper-V 虚拟机
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Ubuntu 20.04
203.0.113.101 /24 ( 网关:203.0.113.1 ) -
Ubuntu 20.04
203.0.113.103 /24 ( 网关:203.0.113.1 )
本文目的只在理解 Open vSwitch ,不在配置OpenStack
逻辑拓扑图
安装 openvswitch-switch
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先看 OpenStacj 文档
OVN Manual install & Configuration摘录 Ubuntu 相关部分:
Ubuntu/Debian includes ovn-central, ovn-host, ovn-docker, and ovn-common packages that pull in the appropriate Open vSwitch dependencies as needed.
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再看 Open vSwaitch 文档
Distributions packaging Open vSwitch
摘录 Ubuntu 相关部分:
Debian and Ubuntu has openvswitch-switch and openvswitch-common packages that includes the core userspace components of the switch -
apt 安装
apt install openvswitch-switchapt install python3-pip
pip3 install networking-ovn==4.0.4
apt install ovn-central ovn-common ovn-host
查询确认一下:
dpkg -l |grep openvswitchii openvswitch-common 2.13.8-0ubuntu1 amd64 Open vSwitch common components ii openvswitch-switch 2.13.8-0ubuntu1 amd64 Open vSwitch switch implementations ii python3-openvswitch 2.13.8-0ubuntu1 all Python 3 bindings for Open vSwitch
pip3 list |grep ovn
networking-ovn 4.0.4
如果需要使用 ifconfig 和 route 命令,先安装 apt install net-tools
如果很熟悉 ip 指令,可以不必安装直接继续可能会报错,直接 reboot 之后再来
root@gate-109:/home/dhbm# ovn-nbctl ls-add inside
ovn-nbctl: unix:/var/run/ovn/ovnnb_db.sock: database connection failed (No such file or directory)
建立 Provider networks
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思路:
1. 一个网桥(bridge)就是一个交换机 2. 2 个虚拟机各建立一个 bridge,就相当于各自接入一个交换机 3. 如果这 2 个交换机被分配到同一个网段,就可以直接互相访问彼此 4. 将这个 bridge 上一个端口 (port )连接到物理网卡 (例如: eth1),他就可以通过这个物理网卡和外部网络互相访问 (即:连接到公网)
在 OpenStack 里面,相当于给所有节点提供一个公网 (Provider networks)
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在 203.0.113.101 上
ovs-vsctl del-br br1 ovs-vsctl add-br br1 ovs-vsctl add-port br1 eth1 使用 ifconfig 命令 ifconfig eth1 up ifconfig br1 203.0.113.101 up 或者使用 ip 命令 ip addr flush dev eth1 ip addr add 203.0.113.101/24 dev br1 ip link set br1 up
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在 203.0.113.103 上
ovs-vsctl del-br br1 ovs-vsctl add-br br1 ovs-vsctl add-port br1 eth1 使用 ifconfig 命令 ifconfig eth1 up ifconfig br1 203.0.113.103 up 或者使用 ip 命令 ip addr flush dev eth1 ip addr add 203.0.113.101/24 dev br1 ip link set br1 up
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测试连通性
在 203.0.113.101 上 ping 203.0.113.103
OK在 203.0.113.103 上 ping 203.0.113.101
OK
同网段 Self-service networks
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思路:
1. 2 个虚拟机各建立一个bridge,就相当于各自接入一个交换机 2. 如果这 2 个交换机被分配同一个网段,可以直接互相访问 3. 在 OpenStack 里面,相当于给所有节点提供一个私有网络 (Self-service networks) 4. 必须通过某些技术配置后才可以访问:这里是 VxLAN 隧道
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在 203.0.113.101 上创建 br0
ovs-vsctl del-br br0 ovs-vsctl add-br br0 使用 ifconfig 命令 ifconfig br0 1.2.3.101/24 up 或者使用 ip 命令 ip addr add 1.2.3.101/24 dev br0 ip link set br0 up ovs-vsctl add-port br0 vx1 -- set interface vx1 type=vxlan options:remote_ip=203.0.113.103
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检查一下 203.0.113.101 上的 br0
root@ubuntu2004-101:/home/dhbm# ovs-vsctl show 57af7789-d775-440a-a204-e663b3c75b3e Bridge br0 Port br0 Interface br0 type: internal Port vx1 Interface vx1 type: vxlan options: {remote_ip="203.0.113.103"} Bridge br1 Port br1 Interface br1 type: internal Port eth1 Interface eth1 Bridge br-int fail_mode: secure Port br-int Interface br-int type: internal ovs_version: "2.13.8"
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在 203.0.113.101 上设置路由
route add default gw 203.0.113.1或者使用 ip route 命令,但是 ip 命令不能 add 2 个 default
所以,只要存在 203.0.113.0/24 dev br1 proto kernel scope link src 203.0.113.101 即可,无需再加 (前面使用 ip 命令 flush 和 add 后 ,路由会自动将以前的 eth1 改为 br1 ,这一点又比 ifconfig 要方便)非得加上的话,需要加上 metric 100
ip route add default via 203.0.113.1 dev br1 proto static metric 100
root@ubuntu2004-101:/home/dhbm# ip route list default via 203.0.113.1 dev br1 default via 192.168.0.81 dev eth0 proto static 1.2.3.0/24 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 1.2.3.101 5.6.7.0/24 via 1.2.3.101 dev br0 scope link 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.101 203.0.113.0/24 dev br1 proto kernel scope link src 203.0.113.101
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在 203.0.113.103 上上创建 br0
ovs-vsctl del-br br0 ovs-vsctl add-br br0 ifconfig br0 1.2.3.103/24 up ovs-vsctl add-port br0 vx1 -- set interface vx1 type=vxlan options:remote_ip=203.0.113.103
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检查一下 203.0.113.101 上的 br0
root@ubuntu2004-103:/home/dhbm# ovs-vsctl show a762a8e4-e153-4895-b87a-c7f7bc3ce3c3 Bridge br1 Port br1 Interface br1 type: internal Port eth1 Interface eth1 Bridge br0 Port br0 Interface br0 type: internal Port vx1 Interface vx1 type: vxlan options: {remote_ip="203.0.113.101"} Bridge br-int fail_mode: secure Port br-int Interface br-int type: internal ovs_version: "2.13.8"
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在 203.0.113.101 上设置路由
使用 route 命令
route add default gw 203.0.113.1
或者使用 ip route 命令
ip route add default via 203.0.113.1 dev br1 proto static metric 100root@ubuntu2004-103:/home/dhbm# ip route list default via 203.0.113.1 dev br1 default via 192.168.0.81 dev eth0 proto static 1.2.3.0/24 via 5.6.7.103 dev br0 scope link 5.6.7.0/24 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 5.6.7.103 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.103 203.0.113.0/24 dev br1 proto kernel scope link src 203.0.113.103
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连通性测试
在 203.0.113.101 上 (Self-service networks : 1.2.3.101)
ping 1.2.3.103
OK在 203.0.113.103 上 (Self-service networks : 1.2.3.103)
ping 1.2.3.101
OK
不同网段 Self-service networks
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思路:
1. 2 个虚拟机各建立一个bridge,就相当于各自接入一个交换机 2. 如果这 2 个交换机被分配到不同网段,就无法直接互相访问彼此 3. 在 OpenStack 里面,相当于给所有节点提供一个私有网络 (Self-service networks) 4. 必须通过某些技术配置后才可以访问:这里是 VxLAN 隧道
-
直接在 203.0.113.103 上重新分配br0 的 ip 地址,即: ifconfig br0 5.6.7.103/24 up
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连通性测试
在 203.0.113.101 上 (Self-service networks : 1.2.3.101)
ping 5.6.7.103
不通
在 203.0.113.103 上 (Self-service networks : 5.6.7.103)
ping 1.2.3.101
不通 -
在 203.0.113.101 上 增加路由
使用 route 命令
route add -net 5.6.7.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 1.2.3.1 dev br0或者使用 ip route 命令
ip route add 5.6.7.0/24 via 1.2.3.101 dev br0root@ubuntu2004-101:/home/dhbm# ip route list default via 203.0.113.1 dev br1 default via 192.168.0.81 dev eth0 proto static 1.2.3.0/24 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 1.2.3.101 5.6.7.0/24 via 1.2.3.101 dev br0 scope link 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.101 203.0.113.0/24 dev br1 proto kernel scope link src 203.0.113.101
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在 203.0.113.103 上 增加路由
使用 route 命令
route add -net 1.2.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 5.6.7.103 dev br0或者使用 ip route 命令
ip route add 1.2.3.0/24 via 1.2.3.103 dev br0root@ubuntu2004-103:/home/dhbm# ip route list default via 203.0.113.1 dev br1 default via 192.168.0.81 dev eth0 proto static 1.2.3.0/24 via 5.6.7.103 dev br0 scope link 5.6.7.0/24 dev br0 proto kernel scope link src 5.6.7.103 192.168.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.0.103 203.0.113.0/24 dev br1 proto kernel scope link src 203.0.113.103
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再次连通性测试
在 203.0.113.101 上 (Self-service networks : 1.2.3.101)
root@ubuntu2004-101:/home/dhbm# ping -c 4 5.6.7.103 PING 5.6.7.103 (5.6.7.103) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 5.6.7.103: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.84 ms 64 bytes from 5.6.7.103: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms 64 bytes from 5.6.7.103: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.426 ms 64 bytes from 5.6.7.103: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.411 ms --- 5.6.7.103 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3038ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.411/0.774/1.844/0.617 ms
在 203.0.113.103 上 (Self-service networks : 5.6.7.103)
root@ubuntu2004-103:/home/dhbm# ping -c 4 1.2.3.101 PING 1.2.3.101 (1.2.3.101) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 1.2.3.101: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.94 ms 64 bytes from 1.2.3.101: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.357 ms 64 bytes from 1.2.3.101: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.386 ms 64 bytes from 1.2.3.101: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.383 ms --- 1.2.3.101 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3038ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.357/0.765/1.937/0.676 ms
推倒重来
在 2 个虚拟机上,然后 reboot
ovs-vsctl del-port br0 vx1
ovs-vsctl del-br br0
ovs-vsctl del-br br1
ip route del default via 203.0.113.1 dev br1
netplan apply
仅记录 203.0.113.101 上的变化
推倒之前
root@ubuntu2004-101:/home/dhbm# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:15:5d:5a:a6:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.101/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::215:5dff:fe5a:a68e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master ovs-system state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:15:5d:5a:a6:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::215:5dff:fe5a:a691/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: ovs-system: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether e6:bf:7c:2d:78:0f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br-int: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether fe:41:06:fc:d0:4a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
15: br1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:15:5d:5a:a6:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 203.0.113.101/24 brd 203.0.113.255 scope global br1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::215:5dff:fe5a:a691/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
16: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether ce:79:7f:7f:c6:43 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 1.2.3.101/24 brd 1.2.3.255 scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::cc79:7fff:fe7f:c643/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
18: vxlan_sys_4789: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65000 qdisc noqueue master ovs-system state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether c2:1f:9e:3b:80:c8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::c01f:9eff:fe3b:80c8/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
推倒之后
root@ubuntu2004-101:/home/dhbm# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:15:5d:5a:a6:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.101/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::215:5dff:fe5a:a68e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:15:5d:5a:a6:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 203.0.113.101/24 brd 203.0.113.255 scope global eth1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::215:5dff:fe5a:a691/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: ovs-system: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether e6:bf:7c:2d:78:0f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br-int: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether fe:41:06:fc:d0:4a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff