LVS在大流量下基于OSPF的负载均衡实施方案




随着开源技术的发展,以及商业设备价格的不断攀升。大公司总是希望能使用开源的方案来替换过去使用的商业设备。比如之前大家用的很多的F5和A10,现在已经在逐步被LVS替换。传统的单个lvs的性能是比不上商业设备的,而且稳定性等也相对会差些。告诉大家很多大公司都在用这些技术的。


基本思路就是把多个LVS组成一个OSPF集群,这样可以使得LVS集群的性能可以远远超过单个传统的商业设备(当然,对于F5等等其实也可以做这样的集群做水平化的扩展)


原来就是把服务器也模拟成ospf中的一份子,是他可以在实现ospf的负载均衡,以及高可用性。


在这里网络层的东西就不写了,往简单配置,没意思。往难里配置我也不懂,上线服务器的时候,这些东西都是网络组的负责,我只是负责服务器上的ospf的介入和业务方面的。

我这里只是简单的说下ospf的框架



OSPF(Open Shortest Path First开放式最短路径优先)是一个内部网关协议(Interior Gateway Protocol,简称IGP),用于在单一自治系统(autonomous system,AS)内决策路由。

ECMP(Equal-CostMultipathRouting)等价多路径,存在多条不同链路到达同一目的地址的网络环境中,如果使用传统的路由技术,发往该目的地址的数据包只能利用其中的一条链路,其它链路处于备份状态或无效状态,并且在动态路由环境下相互的切换需要一定时间,而等值多路径路由协议可以在该网络环境下同时使用多条链路,不仅增加了传输带宽,并且可以无时延无丢包地备份失效链路的数据传输。

特点:

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4 层负载均衡,效率高
配置简单,只需安装基于linux的路由软件quagga
无法进行监控检查,服务异常无法处理
无session保持等,功能过于简单


贴上一个操作的例子:



OSPF(Open Shortest Path First开放式最短路径优先)是一个内部网关协议(Interior


Gateway Protocol,简称IGP),用于在单一自治系统(autonomous system,AS)内决


策路由。


ECMP(Equal-CostMultipathRouting)等价多路径,存在多条不同链路到达同一目的地址的网络


环境中,如果使用传统的路由技术,发往该目的地址的数据包只能利用其中的一条链路,其它链路处


于备份状态或无效状态,并且在动态路由环境下相互的切换需要一定时间,而等值多路径路由协议可


以在该网络环境下同时使用多条链路,不仅增加了传输带宽,并且可以无时延无丢包地备份失效链路


的数据传输。


特点:
1 4 层负载均衡,效率高
2 .配置简单,只需安装基于linux的路由软件quagga
3 .无法进行监控检查,服务异常无法处理
4 . 无session保持等,功能过于简单


路由器上的ospf的操作 ,这只是简单的配置,大家可以按照自己的想法和网络组的同学们扯淡提需求就行了。


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配置命令:
R0配置:
Router>en
Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End  with  CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname r0
r0(config)#
r0(config)# int  e1/ 0
r0(config- if )#ip address  192.168 . 2.222  255.255 . 255.0
r0(config- if )#no shutdown
r0(config)# int  e1/ 1
r0(config- if )#ip address  192.168 . 0.111  255.255 . 255.0
r0(config- if )#no shutdown
r0(config- if )#exit
r0(config)#router ospf  100
r0(config-router)#net
r0(config-router)#network  192.168 . 0.0  0.0 . 0.255  area  0
r0(config-router)#network  192.168 . 2.0  0.0 . 0.255  area  0
r0(config-router)#exit
r0(config)# int  e1/ 1
r0(config- if )#ip ospf cost  2
r0(config- if )# int  e1/ 0
r0(config- if )#ip ospf cost  2
r0(config- if )#end
r0#ping  192.168 . 0.14
Type  escape  sequence to abort.
Sending  5 100 -byte ICMP Echos to  192.168 . 0.14 , timeout  is  2  seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate  is  100  percent ( 5 / 5 ), round-trip min/avg/max =  64 / 93 / 1
==========================================================================


cisco默认的是hello时间是10s,死亡时间是hello时间的4倍,默认为40s,当然这个时间是可以修改的。

在接口模式下面,通过命令:

ip ospf hello-interval <time>来修改hello时间。

ip ospf dead-interval <time>来修改死亡时间。


服务器端的配置

其实就是安装一个软路由,让他进到ospf的圈子里面。

先说下qugga的基本安装配置

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1 .       下载源码
quagga- 0.99 . 10 .tar.gz
2 .       解压缩
tar xzvf quagga- 0.99 . 10 .tar.gz
3 .       配置
cd quagga- 0.99 . 10
     ./configure --prefix =/usr
                 --sysconfdir=/etc/quagga
                 --localstatedir=/ var /run/quagga
                 --enable-vtysh
                 --enable-user= 'test'
                 --enable-group= 'test'
                  --enable-vty-group= 'test'
配置输出:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
Quagga configuration
--------------------
quagga version          :  0.99 . 10
host operationg system  : linux-gnu
source code location    : .
compiler                : gcc
compiler flags          : -Os -fno-omit-frame-pointer -g -std=gnu99 -Wall -Wsign-compare -Wpointer-arith -Wbad- function -cast -Wwrite-strings -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wchar-subscripts -Wcast-qual
make                    : make
includes                :
linker flags            :  -lcrypt   -lcap  -ltermcap -lreadline -lm
state file directory    : / var /run/quagga
config file directory   : /etc/quagga
example directory       : /etc/quagga
user to run  as           : test
group to run  as          : test
group  for  vty sockets   : test
config file mask        :  0600
log file mask           :  0600
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
The above user and group must have read/write access
to the state file directory and
to the config files  in  the config file directory.
4 .       编译和安装
make ;make install
5 .       添加test组和用户
groupadd test;
     useradd test -g test
6 .       改变权限  //最好写入启动脚本
chown test:test / var /run/quagga
chmod  777  / var /run/quagga
chown test:test /etc/quagga  //需要将配置写入操作系统
chmod  777  /etc/quagga/*            
7 .       增加log权限 //最好写入启动脚本
Mkdir  / var /log/quagga/
Vi / var /log/quagga/zebra.log
Chmod  777  / var /log/quagga/zebra.log
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
8 .       修改 /etc/services   //just for telnet
                 zebrasrv     2600 /tcp     # zebra service
                 zebra          2601 /tcp    # zebra vty
                 ripd            2602 /tcp    # RIPd vty
                 ripngd        2603 /tcp    # RIPngd vty
                 ospfd         2604 /tcp    # OSPFd vty
                 bgpd          2605 /tcp    # BGPd vty
                 ospf6d       2606 /tcp    # OSPF6d vty
                 ospfapi      2607 /tcp    # ospfapi
                 isid            2608 /tcp    # ISISd vty
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
9 .       编辑配置文件
copy /etc/quagga/zebra.conf.example   /etc/quagga/zebra.conf
! -*- zebra -*-
!
! zebra sample configuration file
!
hostname Router
password zebra
enable password zebra
log file  / var /log/quagga/zebra.log //注意zebra.conf启用log,这样便于查找错误
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
10 .     启动
zebra –d
如果启动不成功,察看/ var /log/quagga/zebra.log
一般由于权限设置会出现以下错误:
2008 / 10 / 22  16 : 59 : 22  ZEBRA: Could not lock pid_file / var /run/quagga/zebra.pid, exiting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
11 .    登陆
telnet localhost zebra(0r  2601 )
[root@localhost quagga- 0.99 . 10 ]# telnet localhost  2601
Trying  127.0 . 0.1 ...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character  is  '^]' .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
Hello,  this  is  Quagga (version  0.99 . 10 ).
Copyright  1996 - 2005  Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
User Access Verification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
Password:
Router> enable
Password:
Router# help
Quagga VTY provides advanced help feature.  When you need help,
anytime at the command line please press  '?' .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
If nothing matches, the help list will be empty and you must backup
  until entering a  '?'  shows the available options.
Two styles of help are provided:
1 . Full help  is  available when you are ready to enter a
command argument (e.g.  'show ?' ) and describes  each  possible
argument.
2 . Partial help  is  provided when an abbreviated argument  is  entered
    and you want to know what arguments match the input
    (e.g.  'show me?' .)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
Router#


在lvs server上的配置


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安装
LVS服务器 192.168 . 0.14 192.168 . 0.15 上安装quagga软件
配置
1 ).    配置web服务器quagga
使用root用户登录 192.168 . 0.14 192.168 . 0.15
cd /etc/quagga
cp ospfd.conf.sample ospfd.conf
chkconfig zebra on
chkconfig ospfd on
service zebra start
service ospfd start
telnet localhost ospfd
输入默认密码zebra
ospfd> en
ospfd# conf t
ospfd(config)# router ospf
ospfd(config-router)# router-id  192.168 . 2.64
ospfd(config-router)# network  192.168 . 0.23 / 32  area  0.0 . 0.0 (lo IP)
ospfd(config-router)# network  192.168 . 2.64 / 24  area  0.0 . 0.0 (接口IP)
ospfd(config-router)#end
ospfd#wr
2 ).    配置交换机端
根据交换机类型配置ospf与主机quagga建立ospf邻居关系
3 ).    配置主机
使用root用户分别在 2 台web服务上执行以下命令
ifconfig lo: 0  192.168 . 0.23  netmask  255.255 . 255.255  up
验证
多次访问http: //192.168.0.23显示相应页面即说明负载成功
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
3.2    功能测试
负载均衡测试
多次访问http: //192.168.0.23显示realserver ip address 在192.168.0.14和
192.168 . 0.15 之间切换
服务切换测试
Down掉 192.168 . 0.14 / 15 上的服务IP  192.168 . 0.23 可以正常访问应用


总结,淘宝的lvs已经做了fullnat的技术,原理也是ospf的负载的,腾讯不少业务也早已经用这样的方案了,知道腾讯的dns为啥能抗住几百万的流量请求并发,10g网压力测试能保持在1800w 流量请求并发, 除了dns的性能牛逼外,网络的框架用的就是这个方案。当然里面有些具体的流程方案不方便向大家show出来,比如 各种情况下的健康度检查,ospf的hello包的判断,自动化的ospf的配置,定时的负载调整。  但这些东西可以自己用shell配合网络组的同学们一起搞定制的。


这样的方案,在上一家公司用过很多次,qugga的性能和稳定是没有问题的~大家可以放心用。 还有一点 用之前一直要搞清楚ospf的cost负载的原理,或者公司有专门的网络的同学,要是没有的话最好别冲动去线上尝试,不然会。。。。你懂的。

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