initramfis的制作以及移植

initramfs在编译内核的同时被编译并与内核生成一个映像文件，可以压缩也可以不压缩，但是目前只支持cpio包格式。它是根文件系统制作和制作的一种非常简单的方法，也可以通过执行这个文件系统中的程序引导真正的文件系统，这样加载根文件系统的工作就不是内核的工作，而是initramfs的工作。由于initramfs使用cpio包格式，所以很容易将一个单一的文件、目录、node编译链接到系统中去，这样很简单的系统中使用起来很方便，不需要另外挂接文件系统。
       但是因为cpio包实际是文件、目录、节点的描述语言包，为了描述一个文件、目录、节点，要增加很多额外的描述文字开销，特别是对于目录和节点，本身很小额外添加的描述文字却很多，这样使得cpio包比相应的image文件大很多。

 

1、添加init程序

由于制作initramfs文件系统启动时会在根文件系统中执行第一个init程序，它对uboot传过来的参数init=/linuxrc不予理睬，所以需要在上面制作的根文件系统里的根目录加入init程序，否则无法启动。init程序和linuxrc程序一样都是符号链接文件，它们都是指向/bin/busybox程序。

[lingyun@localhost rootfs]$ ln -s bin/busyboxinit              

 

2、在内核添加对initramfis的支持

[lingyun@localhostyangzheng]$ cd linux-3.0

[lingyun@localhostlinux-3.0]$ vt100

General setup --->
[*] Initial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support                           (../rootfs)Initramfs source file(s)    //加入根文件系统的路径

 

编译内核：

[lingyun@localhost linux-3.0]$ sudo make

[lingyun@localhost linux-3.0]$ ls

arch    crypto         fs       Kbuild  MAINTAINERS      modules.order   REPORTING-BUGS  sound              usr

block   Documentation  include  Kconfig Makefile         Module.symvers  samples         System.map         virt

COPYING drivers        init     kernel  mm               net             scripts         tools              vmlinux

CREDITS firmware       ipc      lib     modules.builtin  README          security        uImage-s3c2440.gz vmlinux.o

[lingyun@localhost linux-3.0]$

[lingyun@localhost linux-3.0]$

[lingyun@localhost linux-3.0]$

[lingyun@localhost linux-3.0]$ cp uImage-s3c2440.gz /tftp/       //拷贝到tftp目录下

 

3、添加u-boot对initramfs的支持

因为文件系统和内核是集成在一起的，所以不需要制作文件系统映像。只需在u-boot跑起来以后，修改一下bootargs 和bootcmd就可以了。（跑不同的文件系统，设置的参数是不同的）

[ s3c2440@yangzheng ]# set bbl 'nand erase 0 100000;tftp 30008000 u-boot.bin;nand write30008000 0 100000'

[ s3c2440@yangzheng ]# set bkr 'tftp 30008000 yz_inituImage-2440.gz;nand erase 100000825030;nand write 30008000 100000 825030'

[ s3c2440@yangzheng ]# set bootcmd_initramdisk 'nand read 30008000 100000 825030;bootm30008000'

[ s3c2440@yangzheng ]# set bootcmd'run bootcmd_initramdisk'

[ s3c2440@yangzheng ]# set bootargs 'console=ttyS0,115200 mem=64M init=/linuxrc rw loglevel=7'

[ s3c2440@yangzheng ]# save

 

4、启动linux

[ s3c2440@yangzheng ]# bootm

resetting ...

 

 

U-Boot 2010.09-00000-g011794e-dirty (Sep 20 2012 - 21:46:38)

 

Modified by guowenxue for s3c2440/s3c2410 board.

DRAM:  64 MiB

## Unknown FLASH on Bank 0: ID 0xffff, Size = 0x00000000 = 0 MB

Flash: 0 Bytes

NAND:  256 MiB

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   dm9000

Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0

 

NAND read: device 0 offset 0x100000, size 0x825800

 8542208 bytes read: OK

## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 30008000 ...

   Image Name:   Linux Kernel

   Created:      2013-06-03  13:54:42 UTC

   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

   Data Size:    8540144 Bytes = 8.1 MiB

   Load Address: 30008000

   Entry Point:  30008040

   Verifying Checksum ... OK

   XIP Kernel Image ... OK

OK

OS entry point: 30008040

Image entry point=30008040

 

Starting kernel ...

 

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.

Linux version 3.0.0(root@localhost.localdomain) (gcc version 4.5.4 (Buildroot 2012.08) ) #2 MonJun 3 21:54:37 CST 2013

CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177

CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache

Machine: SMDK2440

Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback

CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)

S3C24XXClocks, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics

S3C244X:core 405.000 MHz, memory 101.250 MHz, peripheral 50.625 MHz

CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on

Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 16256

Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 mem=64M init=/linuxrc rw loglevel=7

PID hash table entries: 256 (order: -2, 1024 bytes)

Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)

Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

Memory: 64MB = 64MB total

Memory: 44872k/44872k available, 20664k reserved, 0K highmem

Virtual kernel memory layout:

    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4kB)

    fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)

    DMA     : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000   (   2MB)

    vmalloc : 0xc4800000 -0xf6000000   ( 792 MB)

    lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xc4000000   (  64MB)

    modules : 0xbf000000 -0xc0000000   (  16 MB)

      .init : 0xc0008000 -0xc0e71000   (14756 kB)

      .text : 0xc0e71000 -0xc1335000   (4880 kB)

      .data : 0xc1336000 -0xc1365b20   ( 191 kB)

       .bss : 0xc1365b44 -0xc1391fa4   ( 178 kB)

NR_IRQS:85

irq: clearing pending ext status 00080000

irq: clearing subpending status 00000002

Console: colour dummy device 80x30

console [ttyS0] enabled

Calibrating delay loop... 201.52 BogoMIPS (lpj=503808)

pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301

Mount-cache hash table entries: 512

CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok

gpiochip_add: gpios 288..303 (GPIOK) failed to register

gpiochip_add: gpios 320..334 (GPIOL) failed to register

gpiochip_add: gpios 352..353 (GPIOM) failed to register

NET: Registered protocol family 16

S3C PowerManagement, Copyright 2004 Simtec Electronics

S3C2440:Initialising architecture

S3C2440:IRQ Support

S3C24XXDMA Driver, Copyright 2003-2006 Simtec Electronics

DMA channel 0 at c4804000, irq 33

DMA channel 1 at c4804040, irq 34

DMA channel 2 at c4804080, irq 35

DMA channel 3 at c48040c0,irq 36

S3C244X:Clock Support, DVS off

s3c-adc s3c24xx-adc: attached adc driver

bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0

SCSI subsystem initialized

usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs

usbcore: registered new interface driver hub

usbcore: registered new device driver usb

s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10

s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 98 KHz

s3c-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0:S3C I2C adapter

Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.24.

cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain

NET: Registered protocol family 2

IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)

TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)

TCP renoregistered

UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

NET: Registered protocol family 1

RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.

RPC: Registered udp transport module.

RPC: Registered tcp transport module.

RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.

NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (extended precision)

NTFS driver 2.1.30 [Flags: R/W].

JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY) 漏 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.

msgmni has been set to 87

io scheduler noop registered

io scheduler deadline registered

io scheduler cfq registered (default)

Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 60x34

fb0: s3c2410fbframe buffer device

s3c2440-uart.0:ttyS0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440

s3c2440-uart.1:ttyS1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440

s3c2440-uart.2:ttyS2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440

brd: module loaded

loop: module loaded

at24 0-0050: 65536 byte 24c512EEPROM, writable, 128 bytes/write

S3C24XXNAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics

s3c24xx-nands3c2440-nand: Tacls=3,29ns Twrph0=7 69ns, Twrph1=3 29ns

s3c24xx-nands3c2440-nand: NAND softECC

NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xda (Samsung NAND256MiB 3,3V 8-bit)

Scanning device for bad blocks

Bad eraseblock 421 at 0x0000034a0000

Bad eraseblock 1177 at 0x000009320000

Bad eraseblock 1727 at 0x00000d7e0000

Creating 11 MTD partitions on "NAND":

0x000000000000-0x000000100000 : "mtdblock0 u-boot 1MB"

0x000000100000-0x000000500000 : "mtdblock1 kernel 4MB"

0x000000500000-0x000000f00000: "mtdblock2 ramdisk 10MB"

0x000000f00000-0x000001e00000: "mtdblock3 cramfs 15MB"

0x000001e00000-0x000004600000 : "mtdblock3 jffs2 40MB"

0x000004600000-0x000006e00000 : "mtdblock4 yaffs2 40MB"

0x000006e00000-0x000009600000 : "mtdblock5 ubifs 40MB"

0x000009600000-0x000009700000 : "mtdblock6 info 1MB"

0x000009700000-0x00000bf00000 : "mtdblock7 apps 40MB"

0x00000bf00000-0x00000e700000 : "mtdblock8 data 40MB"

0x00000e700000-0x000010000000 : "mtdblock9 backup 25MB"

PPP generic driver version 2.4.2

PPP Deflate Compression module registered

PPP BSD Compression module registered

PPP MPPE Compression module registered

NET: Registered protocol family 24

dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31

eth0: dm9000aat c4864300,c4866304 IRQ 51 MAC: 08:00:3e:26:0a:6b (chip)

usbcore: registered new interface driver rt2800usb

ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver

s3c2410-ohcis3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI

s3c2410-ohcis3c2410-ohci: new USB busregistered, assigned bus number 1

s3c2410-ohcis3c2410-ohci: irq 42, iomem 0x49000000

usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001

usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1

usb usb1: Product: S3C24XXOHCI

usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 3.0.0ohci_hcd

usb usb1: SerialNumber: s3c24xx

hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found

hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected

Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...

usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage

USB Mass Storage support registered.

usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial

usbserial: USB Serial Driver core

USB Serial support registered for ch341-uart

usbcore: registered new interface driver ch341

USB Serial support registered for FTDI USB Serial Device

usbcore: registered new interface driver ftdi_sio

ftdi_sio: v1.6.0:USB FTDI SerialConverters Driver

USB Serial support registered for GSM modem (1-port)

usbcore: registered new interface driver option

option: v0.7.2:USB Driver for GSM modems

USB Serial support registered for pl2303

usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303

pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver

mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice

samsung-ts s3c2440-ts:driver attached, registering input device

input: S3C24XXTouchScreen as /devices/virtual/input/input0

S3C24XXRTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics

s3c-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc disabled, re-enabling

s3c-rtc s3c2410-rtc: rtc core: registered s3c as rtc0

i2c /deventries driver

s3c-sdi s3c2440-sdi: mmc0 - using pio, sw SDIO IRQ

usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid

usbhid: USB HID core driver

S3C24XX_UDA134XSoC Audio driver

UDA134X SoC Audio Codec

asoc: uda134x-hifi <-> s3c24xx-iismapping ok

ALSA device list:

  #0: S3C24XX_UDA134X

Netfilter messages via NETLINK v0.30.

nf_conntrack version 0.5.0(701 buckets, 2804 max)

ctnetlink v0.93: registering with nfnetlink.

xt_time: kernel timezone is -0000

ip_set: protocol 6

IPVS: Registered protocols (TCP, UDP, AH, ESP)

IPVS: Connection hash table configured (size=4096, memory=32Kbytes)

IPVS: Creating netns size=1008 id=0

IPVS: ipvs loaded.

IPVS: [rr] scheduler registered.

IPVS: [wrr] scheduler registered.

IPVS: [lc] scheduler registered.

IPVS: [wlc] scheduler registered.

IPVS: [lblc] scheduler registered.

IPVS: [lblcr] scheduler registered.

IPVS: [dh] scheduler registered.

IPVS: [sh] scheduler registered.

IPVS: [sed] scheduler registered.

IPVS: [nq] scheduler registered.

ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team

ipt_CLUSTERIP: ClusterIP Version 0.8 loaded successfully

arp_tables: (C) 2002 David S. Miller

TCP cubic registered

NET: Registered protocol family 17

lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers

Registering the dns_resolver key type

s3c-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to2047-03-20 06:03:06 UTC (2436674586)

Freeing init memory: 14756K

usb 1-1: new full speed USB device number 2 using s3c2410-ohci

usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=05e3, idProduct=0606

usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0

usb 1-1: Product: USB Hub 2.0

hub 1-1:1.0: USB hub found

hub 1-1:1.0: 4 ports detected

dm9000 dm9000.0: eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0xCDE1

 

Copyright (C) 2013 yangzheng<yz2012ww@gmail.com>

root login:root

 >: ls

apps     data    etc      init     linuxrc proc     sbin     tmp     var

bin      dev      info    lib      mnt      root    sys      usr

>:

 

这样我的initramfis文件系统就跑起来了。