Android系统启动过程

首先Android框架架构图:(来自网上,我觉得这张图看起来很清晰)

  

Linux内核启动之后就到Android Init进程,进而启动Android相关的服务和应用。

启动的过程如下图所示:(图片来自网上,后面有地址)

    image


  

  下面将从Android4.0源码中,和网络达人对此的总结中,对此过程加以学习了解和总结,

以下学习过程中代码片段中均有省略不完整,请参照源码。

 

一 Init进程的启动

  init进程,它是一个由内核启动的用户级进程。内核自行启动(已经被载入内存,开始运行,

并已初始化所有的设备驱动程序和数据结构等)之后,就通过启动一个用户级程序init的方式,完成引导进程。init始终是第一个进程。

  启动过程就是代码init.c中main函数执行过程:system\core\init\init.c

在函数中执行了:文件夹建立,挂载,rc文件解析,属性设置,启动服务,执行动作,socket监听……

下面看两个重要的过程:rc文件解析和服务启动。

1 rc文件解析

  .rc文件是Android使用的初始化脚本文件 (System/Core/Init/readme.txt中有描述:

four broad classes of statements which are ActionsCommandsServices, and Options.)

  其中Command 就是系统支持的一系列命令,如:export,hostname,mkdir,mount,等等,其中一部分是 linux 命令,

还有一些是 android 添加的,如:class_start <serviceclass>: 启动服务,class_stop <serviceclass>:关闭服务,等等。

  其中Options是针对 Service 的选项的。

系统初始化要触发的动作和要启动的服务及其各自属性都在rc脚本文件中定义。 具体看一下启动脚本:\system\core\rootdir\init.rc

       在解析rc脚本文件时,将相应的类型放入各自的List中:

  \system\core\init\Init_parser.c  :init_parse_config_file( )存入到

  action_queue、   action_list、 service_list中,解析过程可以看一下parse_config函数,类似状态机形式挺有意思。

  这其中包含了服务:adbd、servicemanager、vold、ril-daemon、debuggerd、surfaceflinger、zygote、media……

2 服务启动

       文件解析完成之后将service放入到service_list中。

 

文件解析完成之后将service放入到service_list中。

   \system\core\init\builtins.c

       Service的启动是在do_class_start函数中完成:

int do_class_start(int nargs, char **args)
{
    service_for_each_class(args[1], service_start_if_not_disabled);
    return 0;
}

 

遍历所有名称为classname,状态不为SVC_DISABLED的Service启动

 

复制代码
void service_for_each_class(const char *classname,
                            void (*func)(struct service *svc))
{
       ……
}

static void service_start_if_not_disabled(struct service *svc)
{
    if (!(svc->flags & SVC_DISABLED)) {
        service_start(svc, NULL);
    }
}
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do_class_start对应的命令:

 

  KEYWORD(class_start, COMMAND, 1, do_class_start)

 

init.rc文件中搜索class_start:class_start main 、class_start core、……

 

  main、core即为do_class_start参数classname

 

init.rc文件中Service class名称都是main:

 

       service drm /system/bin/drmserver

 

    class main

 

  service surfaceflinger /system/bin/surfaceflinger

 

       class main

 

于是就能够通过main名称遍历到所有的Service,将其启动。

do_class_start调用:

       init.rc中

    on boot  //action

      class_start core    //执行command 对应 do_class_start

          class_start main

 

Init进程main函数中:

 

system/core/init/init.c中:

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int main(){

     //挂在文件

       //解析配置文件:init.rc……

       //初始化化action queue

     ……
       for(;;){

              execute_one_command();

              restart_processes();

              for (i = 0; i < fd_count; i++) {

            if (ufds[i].revents == POLLIN) {

                if (ufds[i].fd == get_property_set_fd())

                    handle_property_set_fd();

                else if (ufds[i].fd == get_keychord_fd())

                    handle_keychord();

                else if (ufds[i].fd == get_signal_fd())

                    handle_signal();
            }
        }

       }
}
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  循环调用service_start,将状态SVC_RESTARTING启动, 将启动后的service状态设置为SVC_RUNNING。

  pid=fork();

  execve();

  在消息循环中:Init进程执行了Android的Command,启动了Android的NativeService,监听Service的变化需求,Signal处理。

Init进程是作为属性服务(Property service),维护这些NativeService。

 

二 ServiceManager启动

       在.rc脚本文件中zygote的描述:

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service servicemanager /system/bin/servicemanager
  class core
  user system
  group system
  critical
  onrestart restart zygote
  onrestart restart media
  onrestart restart surfaceflinger
  onrestart restart drm
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       ServiceManager用来管理系统中所有的binder service,不管是本地的c++实现的还是java语言实现的都需要

这个进程来统一管理,最主要的管理就是,注册添加服务,获取服务。所有的Service使用前都必须先在servicemanager中进行注册。

  do_find_service( )

  do_add_service( )

  svcmgr_handler( )

  代码位置:frameworks\base\cmds\servicemanager\Service_manager.c

 

三 Zygote进程的启动

  Zygote这个进程是非常重要的一个进程,Zygote进程的建立是真正的Android运行空间,初始化建立的Service都是Navtive service.

(1) 在.rc脚本文件中zygote的描述

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service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
  class main
  socket zygote stream 666
  onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
  onrestart write /sys/power/state on
  onrestart restart media
  onrestart restart netd

参数:--zygote --start-system-server
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代码位置:frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp

       上面的参数在这里就会用上,决定是否要启动和启动那些进程。

复制代码
int main( ){
       AppRuntime runtime;
       if (zygote) {
              runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit",
                startSystemServer ? "start-system-server" : "");
       }
}

class AppRuntime : public AndroidRuntime{};
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(2) 接着到了AndroidRuntime类中:

frameworks\base\core\jni\AndroidRuntime.cpp

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void start(const char* className, const char* options){

       // start the virtual machine Java在虚拟机中运行的
       JNIEnv* env;
       if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env) != 0) {
              return;
       }

       //向刚刚新建的虚拟机注册JNI本地接口
       if (startReg(env) < 0) {
              return;
       }

    // jni 调用 java 方法,获取对应类的静态main方法
    jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass,
         "main","([Ljava/lang/String;)V");

       // jni调用 java方法,调用到ZygoteInit类的main函数

       jclass startClass = env->FindClass(className);

       env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);
}
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  到了ZygoteInit.java中的静态main函数中,从C++ ——》JAVA

 

(3)ZygoteInit

       真正Zygote进程:

              frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\ZygoteInit.java

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public static void main(String argv[]) {
       //Registers a server socket for zygote command connections
       registerZygoteSocket();

       //Loads and initializes commonly used classes and
       //used resources that can be shared across processes
       preload();

       // Do an initial gc to clean up after startup
       gc();

       if (argv[1].equals("start-system-server")) {
              startSystemServer();
       }
/** * Runs the zygote process's select loop. Accepts new connections as * they happen, and reads commands from connections one spawn-request's * worth at a time. */ runSelectLoopMode(); //loop中 /** * Close and clean up zygote sockets. Called on shutdown and on the * child's exit path. */ closeServerSocket(); }
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       Zygote就建立好了,利用Socket通讯,接收请求,Fork应用程序进程,进入Zygote进程服务框架中。

 

四 SystemServer启动

(1)在Zygote进程进入循环之前,调用了startSystemServer( );

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private static boolean startSystemServer(){
       /* Request to fork the system server process 孵化新的进程 */
    ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;
       pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
              parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
              parsedArgs.gids,
              parsedArgs.debugFlags,
              null,
              parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
              parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
 
              /* For child process 对新的子进程设置 */
       if (pid == 0) {
              handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
       }
}

void handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs){
       closeServerSocket();
       //"system_server"
       Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName);

       //Pass the remaining arguments to SystemServer.
    RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion,
      parsedArgs.remainingArgs);
       /* should never reach here */
}
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(2)RuntimeInit中:

       frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\RuntimeInit.java

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//The main function called when started through the zygote process.
void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv){
        applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv);
}

void applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv){
    // Remaining arguments are passed to the start class's static main
    invokeStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs);
}
void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv){ Class<?> cl; cl = Class.forName(className); //获取SystemServer的main方法,抛出MethodAndArgsCaller异常 Method m; m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class }); int modifiers = m.getModifiers(); throw new ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv); }
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(3)startSystemServer开始执行并没有去调用SystemServer的任何方法,

    只是通过反射获取了main方法,付给了MethodAndArgsCaller,并抛出了MethodAndArgsCaller异常。

    此异常是在哪里处理的呢?

       回到startSystemServer( )函数的调用处:

       在ZygoteInit的main函数中:

复制代码
public static void main(String argv[]) {
       try {
              ……
              if (argv[1].equals("start-system-server")) {
                  startSystemServer();       //这里如果抛出异常,跳过下面流程
              }
          
        runSelectLoopMode();    //loop中
              ……


       } catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
              caller.run();        //处理的异常
       }
}
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  如果startSystemServer抛出了异常,跳过执行ZygoteInit进程的循环,这是怎么回事呢?

  在startSystemServer中异常是由handleSystemServerProcess抛出,而

      pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer( )

      /* For child process 仅对新的子进程设置 */

      if (pid == 0) {

        handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);

      }

      // Zygote.forkSystemServer根据参数fork 出一个子进程,若成功调用,则返回两次:

    一次返回的是 zygote 进程的 pid ,值大于0;一次返回的是子进程 pid,值等于0否则,出错返回-1;

  caller.run();

    MethodAndArgsCaller run函数:调用前面所提到的

    //SystemServer main方法

    m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });

    启动了进程SystemServer。

(4)SystemServer的执行 init1( )

              //frameworks\base\services\java\com\android\server\SystemServer.java

       

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public static void main(String[] args) {

         System.loadLibrary("android_servers");    

         /*

         * This method is called from Zygote to initialize the system.
         * This will cause the native services (SurfaceFlinger, AudioFlinger, etc..)
         * to be started. After that it will call back
         * up into init2() to start the Android services.
         */
         init1(args);    //native 完了回调init2( )
  }

//init1:
  frameworks/base/services/jni/com_android_server_SystemServer.cpp:: android_server_SystemServer_init1( ) 
  中调用:system_init extern
"C" status_t system_init() { sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self()); sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager(); //启动SurfaceFlinger 和传感器 property_get("system_init.startsurfaceflinger", propBuf, "1"); SurfaceFlinger::instantiate(); property_get("system_init.startsensorservice", propBuf, "1"); SensorService::instantiate(); // And now start the Android runtime. We have to do this bit // of nastiness because the Android runtime initialization requires // some of the core system services to already be started.     // All other servers should just start the Android runtime at // the beginning of their processes's main(), before calling // the init function. AndroidRuntime* runtime = AndroidRuntime::getRuntime(); //回调 com.android.server.SystemServer init2 方法 JNIEnv* env = runtime->getJNIEnv(); jclass clazz = env->FindClass("com/android/server/SystemServer"); jmethodID methodId = env->GetStaticMethodID(clazz, "init2", "()V"); env->CallStaticVoidMethod(clazz, methodId); //启动线程池 做为binder 服务 ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool(); IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(); return NO_ERROR; }
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ProcessState:

  每个进程在使用binder 机制通信时,均需要维护一个ProcessState 实例来描述当前进程在binder 通信时的binder 状态。

  ProcessState 有如下2 个主要功能:

  1. 创建一个thread, 该线程负责与内核中的binder 模块进行通信,称该线程为Pool thread ;

  2. 为指定的handle 创建一个BpBinder 对象,并管理该进程中所有的BpBinder 对象。

 

Pool thread:

  在Binder IPC 中,所有进程均会启动一个thread 来负责与BD 来直接通信,也就是不停的读写BD ,

  这个线程的实现主体是一个IPCThreadState 对象,下面会介绍这个类型。

  下面是Pool thread 的启动方式:

  ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();

IPCThreadState :

  IPCThreadState 也是以单例模式设计的。由于每个进程只维护了一个ProcessState 实例,同时ProcessState 只启动一个Pool thread ,

也就是说每一个进程只会启动一个Pool thread ,因此每个进程则只需要一个IPCThreadState 即可。

Pool thread 的实际内容则为:

IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();

 

(5)SystemServer的执行 init2( )

复制代码
public static final void init2() {   
    //建立线程来处理
       Thread thr = new ServerThread();      
       thr.setName("android.server.ServerThread");
       thr.start();
}

//看看线程ServerThread里面都做了什么事情?
public void run() {
    addBootEvent(new String("Android:SysServerInit_START"));
    Looper.prepare();
    android.os.Process.setThreadPriority(
    android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);

    //初始化服务,创建各种服务实例,如:电源、网络、Wifi、蓝牙,USB等,
  //初始化完成以后加入到 ServiceManager中,
    //事我们用 Context.getSystemService (String name) 才获取到相应的服务
    PowerManagerService power = null;
    NetworkManagementService networkManagement = null;
    WifiP2pService wifiP2p = null;
    WindowManagerService wm = null;
    BluetoothService bluetooth = null;
    UsbService usb = null;
    NotificationManagerService notification = null;
    StatusBarManagerService statusBar = null;
    ……
power
= new PowerManagerService(); ServiceManager.addService(Context.POWER_SERVICE, power); …… // ActivityManagerService作为ApplicationFramework最重要的服务 ActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess(); ActivityManagerService.installSystemProviders(); ActivityManagerService.self().setWindowManager(wm);   // We now tell the activity manager it is okay to run third party   // code. It will call back into us once it has gotten to the state   // where third party code can really run (but before it has actually   // started launching the initial applications), for us to complete our   // initialization.   //系统服务初始化准备就绪,通知各个模块 ActivityManagerService.self().systemReady(new Runnable() { public void run() { startSystemUi(contextF); batteryF.systemReady(); networkManagementF.systemReady(); usbF.systemReady(); …… // It is now okay to let the various system services start their // third party code... appWidgetF.systemReady(safeMode); wallpaperF.systemReady(); } }); // //BOOTPROF addBootEvent(new String("Android:SysServerInit_END")); Looper.loop(); }
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   到这里系统ApplicationFramework层的XxxServiceManager准备就绪,可以开始跑上层应用了,我们的第一个上层应用HomeLauncher。

  HomeActivity又是如何启动的呢?

  Activity的启动必然和ActivityManagerService有关,我们需要去看看

  ActivityManagerService.systemReady( )中都干了些什么。

 

五 Home界面启动

        

复制代码
 public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback) {
    ……
    //ready callback
       if (goingCallback != null)
              goingCallback.run();
synchronized (this) { // Start up initial activity. // ActivityStack mMainStack; mMainStack.resumeTopActivityLocked(null); } …… } final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev) {   // Find the first activity that is not finishing.   ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(null);   if (next == null) {     // There are no more activities! Let's just start up the     // Launcher...     if (mMainStack) {       //ActivityManagerService mService;       return mService.startHomeActivityLocked();     }   }   …… }
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       然后就启动了Home界面,完成了整个Android启动流程。

      整个过程如下:

  




链接地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/zhixingwujiang/articles/2116650.html

Android开机启动流程初探

l  Init进程

Android系统在启动时首先会启动Linux系统,引导加载Linux Kernel并启动init进程。Init进程是一个由内核启动的用户级进程,是Android系统的第一个进程。该进程的相关代码在platform\system\core\init\init.c。在main函数中,有如下代码:

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    open_devnull_stdio();
    log_init();
    
    INFO("reading config file\n");
    init_parse_config_file("/init.rc");

    /* pull the kernel commandline and ramdisk properties file in */
    import_kernel_cmdline(0);

    get_hardware_name(hardware, &revision);
    snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "/init.%s.rc", hardware);
    init_parse_config_file(tmp);
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    这里会加载解析init.rcinit.hardware.rc两个初始化脚本。*.rc文件定义了在init进程中需要启动哪些进程服务和执行哪些动作。其详细说明参见platform\system\core\init\reademe.txtinit.rc见如下定义:

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service servicemanager /system/bin/servicemanager
    user system
    critical
    onrestart restart zygote
    onrestart restart media

service vold /system/bin/vold
    socket vold stream 0660 root mount
    ioprio be 2

service netd /system/bin/netd
    socket netd stream 0660 root system
    socket dnsproxyd stream 0660 root inet

service debuggerd /system/bin/debuggerd

service ril-daemon /system/bin/rild
    socket rild stream 660 root radio
    socket rild-debug stream 660 radio system
    user root
    group radio cache inet misc audio sdcard_rw

service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
    socket zygote stream 666
    onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
    onrestart write /sys/power/state on
    onrestart restart media
    onrestart restart netd

service drm /system/bin/drmserver
    user drm
    group system root inet
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具体解析过程见platform\system\core\init\Init_parser.c。解析所得服务添加到service_list中,动作添加到action_list中。

接下来在main函数中执行动作和启动进程服务:

        execute_one_command();
        restart_processes()

通常init过程需要创建一些系统文件夹并启动USB守护进程、Android Debug Bridge守护进程、Debug守护进程、ServiceManager进程、Zygote进程等。

l  ServiceManager进程

ServiceManager进程是所有服务的管理器。由init.rcServiceManager的描述service servicemanager /system/bin/servicemanager可知servicemanager进程从platform\frameworks\base\cmd\servicemanager\Service_manager.cpp启动。在main函数中有如下代码:

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int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct binder_state *bs;
    void *svcmgr = BINDER_SERVICE_MANAGER;

    bs = binder_open(128*1024);

    if (binder_become_context_manager(bs)) {
        LOGE("cannot become context manager (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }

    svcmgr_handle = svcmgr;
    binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler);
    return 0;
}
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首先调用binder_open()打开Binder设备(/dev/binder),调用binder_become_context_manager()把当前进程设置为ServiceManagerServiceManager本身就是一个服务。

int binder_become_context_manager(struct binder_state *bs)
{
    return ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_SET_CONTEXT_MGR, 0);
}

    最后binder_loop()进入循环状态,并设置svcmgr_handler回调函数等待添加、查询、获取服务等请求。

l  Zygote进程

         Zygote进程用于产生其他进程。由init.rczygote的描述service zygot /system/bin/app_process可知zygote进程从platfrom\frameworks\base\cmds\app_process\App_main.cpp启动。在main函数中有如下代码:

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        if (0 == strcmp("--zygote", arg)) {
            bool startSystemServer = (i < argc) ? 
                    strcmp(argv[i], "--start-system-server") == 0 : false;
            setArgv0(argv0, "zygote");
            set_process_name("zygote");
            runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit",
                startSystemServer);
        } else {
            set_process_name(argv0);

            runtime.mClassName = arg;

            // Remainder of args get passed to startup class main()
            runtime.mArgC = argc-i;
            runtime.mArgV = argv+i;

            LOGV("App process is starting with pid=%d, class=%s.\n",
                 getpid(), runtime.getClassName());
            runtime.start();
        }
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    首先创建AppRuntime,即AndroidRuntime,建立了一个Dalvik虚拟机。通过这个runtime传递com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit参数,从而由Dalvik虚拟机运行ZygoteInit.javamain(),开始创建Zygote进程。在其main()中,如下所示:

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            registerZygoteSocket();
            EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START,
                SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
            preloadClasses();
            //cacheRegisterMaps();
            preloadResources();
            EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END,
                SystemClock.uptimeMillis());

            // Finish profiling the zygote initialization.
            SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeZygoteSnapshot();

            // Do an initial gc to clean up after startup
            gc();

            // If requested, start system server directly from Zygote
            if (argv.length != 2) {
                throw new RuntimeException(argv[0] + USAGE_STRING);
            }

            if (argv[1].equals("true")) {
                startSystemServer();
            } else if (!argv[1].equals("false")) {
                throw new RuntimeException(argv[0] + USAGE_STRING);
            }
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    首先通过registerZygoteSocket()登记端口,接着preloadClasses()装载相关类。这里大概要装载1000多个类,具体装载类见platform\frameworks\base\preloaded-classes。这个文件有WritePreloadedClassFile类自动生成。分析该类的main函数,有如下一段筛选类的代码:

复制代码
        // Preload classes that were loaded by at least 2 processes. Hopefully,
        // the memory associated with these classes will be shared.
        for (LoadedClass loadedClass : root.loadedClasses.values()) {
            Set<String> names = loadedClass.processNames();
            if (!Policy.isPreloadable(loadedClass)) {
                continue;
            }

            if (names.size() >= MIN_PROCESSES ||
                    (loadedClass.medianTimeMicros() > MIN_LOAD_TIME_MICROS && names.size() > 1)) {
                toPreload.add(loadedClass);
            }
        }

        int initialSize = toPreload.size();
        System.out.println(initialSize
                + " classses were loaded by more than one app.");

        // Preload eligable classes from applications (not long-running
        // services).
        for (Proc proc : root.processes.values()) {
            if (proc.fromZygote() && !Policy.isService(proc.name)) {
                for (Operation operation : proc.operations) {
                    LoadedClass loadedClass = operation.loadedClass;
                    if (shouldPreload(loadedClass)) {
                        toPreload.add(loadedClass);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
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其中MIN_LOAD_TIME_MICROS等于1250,当类的装载时间大于1.25ms,则需要预装载。

Policy.isPreloadable()定于如下:

    /**Reports if the given class should be preloaded. */
    public static boolean isPreloadable(LoadedClass clazz) {
        return clazz.systemClass && !EXCLUDED_CLASSES.contains(clazz.name);
    }

其中EXCLUDED_CLASSES如下定义:

复制代码
    /**
     * Classes which we shouldn't load from the Zygote.
     */
    private static final Set<String> EXCLUDED_CLASSES
            = new HashSet<String>(Arrays.asList(
        // Binders
        "android.app.AlarmManager",
        "android.app.SearchManager",
        "android.os.FileObserver",
        "com.android.server.PackageManagerService$AppDirObserver",

        // Threads
        "android.os.AsyncTask",
        "android.pim.ContactsAsyncHelper",
        "java.lang.ProcessManager"
    ));
复制代码

这几个BindersThread是不会被预加载的。

    另外还有一些application需要装载,要求满足条件proc.fromZygote()且不是属于常驻内存的服务。SERVICES定义如下:

复制代码
    /**
     * Long running services. These are restricted in their contribution to the 
     * preloader because their launch time is less critical.
     */
    // TODO: Generate this automatically from package manager.
    private static final Set<String> SERVICES = new HashSet<String>(Arrays.asList(
        "system_server",
        "com.google.process.content",
        "android.process.media",
        "com.android.bluetooth",
        "com.android.calendar",
        "com.android.inputmethod.latin",
        "com.android.phone",
        "com.google.android.apps.maps.FriendService", // pre froyo
        "com.google.android.apps.maps:FriendService", // froyo
        "com.google.android.apps.maps.LocationFriendService",
        "com.google.android.deskclock",
        "com.google.process.gapps",
        "android.tts"
    ));
复制代码

         preloaded-classes是在下载源码的时候生成,WritePreloadedClassFile类并没有被用到,但可以通过这个类了解Android系统对预加载类的默认要求,参考修改preloaded-classes文件,减少开机初始化时要预加载的类,提高开机速度。

最后来通过startSystemServer()启动SystemServer进程。见如下代码:

复制代码
        /* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */
        String args[] = {
            "--setuid=1000",
            "--setgid=1000",
            "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,3001,3002,3003",
            "--capabilities=130104352,130104352",
            "--runtime-init",
            "--nice-name=system_server",
            "com.android.server.SystemServer",
        };
        ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;

        int pid;

        try {
            parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);

            /*
             * Enable debugging of the system process if *either* the command line flags
             * indicate it should be debuggable or the ro.debuggable system property
             * is set to "1"
             */
            int debugFlags = parsedArgs.debugFlags;
            if ("1".equals(SystemProperties.get("ro.debuggable")))
                debugFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_DEBUGGER;

            /* Request to fork the system server process */
            pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
                    parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
                    parsedArgs.gids, debugFlags, null,
                    parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
                    parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities)
复制代码

         Zygote包装了LinuxforkforkSystemServer()调用forkAndSpecialize(),最终穿过虚拟机调用platform\dalvik\vm\native\dalvik_system_Zygote.c中Dalvik_dalvik_system_Zygote_forkAndSpecialize()。由dalvik完成fork新的进程。

       main()最后会调用runSelectLoopMode(),进入while循环,由peers创建新的进程。

l  SystemService进程

       SystemService用于创建init.rc定义的服务之外的所有服务。在main()的最后有如下代码:

        // The system server has to run all of the time, so it needs to be
        // as efficient as possible with its memory usage.
        VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.8f);
        
        System.loadLibrary("android_servers");
        init1(args);

Init1()是在native空间实现的,用于启动native空间的服务,其实现在com_android_server_SystemServer.cpp中的android_server_SystemServer_init1()

static void android_server_SystemServer_init1(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
    system_init();
}

    而system_init()服务初始化创建native层的各个服务:

复制代码
    // Start the sensor service
    SensorService::instantiate();

    // On the simulator, audioflinger et al don't get started the
    // same way as on the device, and we need to start them here
    if (!proc->supportsProcesses()) {

        // Start the AudioFlinger
        AudioFlinger::instantiate();

        // Start the media playback service
        MediaPlayerService::instantiate();

        // Start the camera service
        CameraService::instantiate();

        // Start the audio policy service
        AudioPolicyService::instantiate();
    }
复制代码

    最后通过如下代码:

    LOGI("System server: starting Android services.\n");
    runtime->callStatic("com/android/server/SystemServer", "init2");

回到SystemServer.java,调用init2()

    public static final void init2() {
        Slog.i(TAG, "Entered the Android system server!");
        Thread thr = new ServerThread();
        thr.setName("android.server.ServerThread");
        thr.start();
    }

         Init2启动一个线程,专门用来启动java空间的所有服务。如下代码所示启动部分服务:

复制代码
            Slog.i(TAG, "Content Manager");
            ContentService.main(context,
                    factoryTest == SystemServer.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL);

            Slog.i(TAG, "System Content Providers");
            ActivityManagerService.installSystemProviders();

            Slog.i(TAG, "Battery Service");
            battery = new BatteryService(context);
            ServiceManager.addService("battery", battery);

            Slog.i(TAG, "Lights Service");
            lights = new LightsService(context);

            Slog.i(TAG, "Vibrator Service");
            ServiceManager.addService("vibrator", new VibratorService(context));

            // only initialize the power service after we have started the
            // lights service, content providers and the battery service.
            power.init(context, lights, ActivityManagerService.getDefault(), battery);

            Slog.i(TAG, "Alarm Manager");
            AlarmManagerService alarm = new AlarmManagerService(context);
            ServiceManager.addService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE, alarm);
复制代码

并且把这些服务添加到ServiceManager中,以便管理和进程间通讯。

在该线程后半部分,ActivityManagerService会等待AppWidgetWallPaperIMMsystemReady后调用自身的systemReady()

复制代码
            ((ActivityManagerService)ServiceManager.getService("activity"))
                    .setWindowManager(wm);

            // Skip Bluetooth if we have an emulator kernel
            // TODO: Use a more reliable check to see if this product should
            // support Bluetooth - see bug 988521
            if (SystemProperties.get("ro.kernel.qemu").equals("1")) {
                Slog.i(TAG, "Registering null Bluetooth Service (emulator)");
                ServiceManager.addService(BluetoothAdapter.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE, null);
            } else if (factoryTest == SystemServer.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL) {
                Slog.i(TAG, "Registering null Bluetooth Service (factory test)");
                ServiceManager.addService(BluetoothAdapter.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE, null);
            } else {
                Slog.i(TAG, "Bluetooth Service");
                bluetooth = new BluetoothService(context);
                ServiceManager.addService(BluetoothAdapter.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE, bluetooth);
                bluetooth.initAfterRegistration();
                bluetoothA2dp = new BluetoothA2dpService(context, bluetooth);
                ServiceManager.addService(BluetoothA2dpService.BLUETOOTH_A2DP_SERVICE,
                                          bluetoothA2dp);

                int bluetoothOn = Settings.Secure.getInt(mContentResolver,
                    Settings.Secure.BLUETOOTH_ON, 0);
                if (bluetoothOn > 0) {
                    bluetooth.enable();
                }
            }
复制代码

    而在ActivityManagerServicesystemReady()最后会执行如下代码:

            mMainStack.resumeTopActivityLocked(null);

    由于Activity管理栈为空,因此启动Launcher

复制代码
        // Find the first activity that is not finishing.
        ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(null);

        // Remember how we'll process this pause/resume situation, and ensure
        // that the state is reset however we wind up proceeding.
        final boolean userLeaving = mUserLeaving;
        mUserLeaving = false;

        if (next == null) {
            // There are no more activities!  Let's just start up the
            // Launcher...
            if (mMainStack) {
                return mService.startHomeActivityLocked();
            }
        }
复制代码

    在startHomeActivityLocked()中创建一个带CategoryCATEGORY_HOMEIntent,由此去启动相应Activity,即Launcher

复制代码
        Intent intent = new Intent(
            mTopAction,
            mTopData != null ? Uri.parse(mTopData) : null);
        intent.setComponent(mTopComponent);
        if (mFactoryTest != SystemServer.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL) {
            intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME);
        }
复制代码

    这样,Android系统便启动起来进入到待机界面。

 

 

参考文档:

    http://blog.csdn.net/maxleng/article/details/5508372

    http://www.cnblogs.com/linucos/archive/2012/05/22/2513760.html#commentform

    http://www.cnblogs.com/idiottiger/archive/2012/05/25/2516295.html

Android系统启动流程 -- androidhttp://blog.csdn.net/lizhiguo0532/article/details/7028910


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