oc中NSFileHandle的初学-文件读取

1、NSFileHandle是oc中用来操作文件的类，通过此类可以读写文件，可以断点续传。

2、NSFileHandle类中常用的方法
//文件中的全部内容（有效数据，包括空格和汉字，其中空格在一个字节，汉字占三个字节）
@property (readonly, copy) NSData *availableData;
//读取文件中的全部内容
- (NSData *)readDataToEndOfFile;
//读取文件中指定长度(字节)的内容
- (NSData *)readDataOfLength:(NSUInteger)length;

//写数据到文件中
- (void)writeData:(NSData *)data;

//文件末尾的偏移量
- (unsigned long long)seekToEndOfFile;
//跳到文件中指定位置的偏移量
- (void)seekToFileOffset:(unsigned long long)offset;
//将文件的长度设定为指定长度的字节
- (void)truncateFileAtOffset:(unsigned long long)offset;

//关闭文件
- (void)closeFile;

//打开一个文件准备读取
+ (instancetype)fileHandleForReadingAtPath:(NSString *)path;
//打开一个文件准备写入
+ (instancetype)fileHandleForWritingAtPath:(NSString *)path;
//打开一个文件准备更新(写入、更新)
+ (instancetype)fileHandleForUpdatingAtPath:(NSString *)path;

3、例子
//
//  main.m
//  NSFileHandleStudy
//
//  Created by 肖国健 on 15-3-4.
//  Copyright (c) 2015年 Shone. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

//读取文件中的内容
void readFileContent(){
    //获取根路径   /Users/xiaoguojian
    NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory();
    NSLog(@"homePath=%@",homePath);

    NSString *path = [homePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"文本.txt"];
    //打开一个文件准备读取
    //NSFileHandle *fileHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForReadingAtPath:path];
    //打开一个文件准备更新
    NSFileHandle *fileHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForUpdatingAtPath:path];

    NSData *data1 = [fileHandle readDataToEndOfFile];//读取数据
    //将NSDataz转换成NSString类型
    NSString *sdata1 = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data1 encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    NSLog(@"content1=%@",sdata1);

    //关闭
    [fileHandle closeFile];
}

//在文件最后添加内容
void appendFileContent(){
    //获取根路径   /Users/xiaoguojian
    NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory();
    NSLog(@"homePath=%@",homePath);

    NSString *path = [homePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"文本.txt"];
    //打开一个文件准备更新
    NSFileHandle *fileHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForUpdatingAtPath:path];

    NSString *append = @"这是追加的内容";
    //将NSString类型的字符串转换成NSData类型的
    NSData *appData = [append dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    //写数据到文件中
    [fileHandle writeData:appData];

    //关闭
    [fileHandle closeFile];
}

//在指定的位置添加内容
void appendFileContentInControl(){
    //获取根路径   /Users/xiaoguojian
    NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory();
    NSLog(@"homePath=%@",homePath);

    NSString *path = [homePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"文本.txt"];
    //打开一个文件准备更新,只有更新的情况下才能对文件进行更新操作
    NSFileHandle *fileHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForUpdatingAtPath:path];

    //获取文件中的字节数，空格占一个，汉字占三个
    NSUInteger length = [fileHandle availableData].length;
    NSLog(@"length=%ld",length);
    //在文件指定的位置添加内容，会替换掉节点后面的内容
    [fileHandle seekToFileOffset:length/2];
    NSString *append = @"这是追加的内容";
    //将NSString类型的字符串转换成NSData类型的
    NSData *appData = [append dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

    //写数据到文件中
    [fileHandle writeData:appData];


    [fileHandle closeFile];
}

//赋值一个文件中的内容到另外一个文件中
void copyFileContentToAnotherFile(){
    //获取根目录
    NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory();

    NSString *resourcePath = [homePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"resource.txt"];
    NSString *destPath = [homePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"dest.txt"];

    //用NSFileManager创建文件
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    BOOL success = [fileManager createFileAtPath:destPath contents:nil attributes:nil];
    if (success) {
        NSLog(@"create success!");
    } else {
        NSLog(@"create failure!");
    }

    NSFileHandle *resHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForReadingAtPath:resourcePath];
    NSFileHandle *destHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForWritingAtPath:destPath];

    //读取文件中的全部数据
    NSData *content = [resHandle readDataToEndOfFile];
    //NSData *content1 = [resHandle availableData];//这个也是读取文件中的全部数据
    [destHandle writeData:content];

    //关闭
    [resHandle closeFile];
    [destHandle closeFile];
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        //获取根目录
        NSString *homePath = NSHomeDirectory();

        NSString *resourcePath = [homePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"resource.txt"];
        NSString *destPath = [homePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"dest.txt"];

        //用NSFileManager创建文件
        NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
        BOOL success = [fileManager createFileAtPath:destPath contents:nil attributes:nil];
        if (success) {
            NSLog(@"create success!");
        } else {
            NSLog(@"create failure!");
        }

        NSFileHandle *resHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForReadingAtPath:resourcePath];
        NSFileHandle *destHandle = [NSFileHandle fileHandleForWritingAtPath:destPath];

        NSUInteger l = 6;

        //读取文件中的全部数据
        NSData *content = [resHandle readDataOfLength:l];


        //NSData *content1 = [resHandle availableData];//这个也是读取文件中的全部数据
        [destHandle writeData:content];

        //关闭
        [resHandle closeFile];
        [destHandle closeFile];

    }
    return 0;
}