SpringBoot核心

一、基本配置

1-1、入口类和@SpringBootApplication

SpringBoot的入口类通常是为xxxApplication.java的类。类里有一个main方法，用来启动SpringBoot项目。main方法如下：

package com.springboot;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootApplication {


	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringbootApplication.class, args); //用来启动Springboot项目 
	}
}

@SpringBootApplication是SpringBoot的核心注解，源码如下：

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2017 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure;

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringBootConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.context.TypeExcludeFilter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan.Filter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;

/**
 * Indicates a {@link Configuration configuration} class that declares one or more
 * {@link Bean @Bean} methods and also triggers {@link EnableAutoConfiguration
 * auto-configuration} and {@link ComponentScan component scanning}. This is a convenience
 * annotation that is equivalent to declaring {@code @Configuration},
 * {@code @EnableAutoConfiguration} and {@code @ComponentScan}.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 * @since 1.2.0
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)     //@Target说明了注解所修饰的对象范围 接口、类、枚举、注解
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) //@Retention：注解的保留位置
@Documented //@Document：说明该注解将被包含在javadoc中
@Inherited  //@Inherited：说明子类可以继承父类中的该注解
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
	 * @return the classes to exclude
	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class, attribute = "exclude")
	Class
   
   [] exclude() default {};

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be
	 * applied.
	 * @return the class names to exclude
	 * @since 1.3.0
	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class, attribute = "excludeName")
	String[] excludeName() default {};

	/**
	 * Base packages to scan for annotated components. Use {@link #scanBasePackageClasses}
	 * for a type-safe alternative to String-based package names.
	 * @return base packages to scan
	 * @since 1.3.0
	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackages")
	String[] scanBasePackages() default {};

	/**
	 * Type-safe alternative to {@link #scanBasePackages} for specifying the packages to
	 * scan for annotated components. The package of each class specified will be scanned.
	 * 

	 * Consider creating a special no-op marker class or interface in each package that
	 * serves no purpose other than being referenced by this attribute.
	 * @return base packages to scan
	 * @since 1.3.0
	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackageClasses")
	Class
    
    [] scanBasePackageClasses() default {};

}

从源码上可以看出@SpringBootApplication是由

@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration   这个注解的主要作用是让Springboot根据类路径中的jar包依赖为当前项目进行自动配置
@ComponentScan

三个注解组成的一个复合注解

1-2、SpringBoot配置文件

SpringBoot有一个全局的配置文件，application.properties或者application.yml.一般放在src\main\resources\这个目录下面

这个全局配置文件的作用主要是对一些默认的配置进行修改，比如说tomcat的端口号、默认访问路径等等

配置如下：application.properties

server.port=8081
server.context-path=/springboot

1-3、配置文件定义属性

在开发中有时候我们会在配置文件中定义一些属性，Spring环境下我们需要通过@propertySource来指定配置文件位置。

然后在通过@value来进行注入

在SpringBoot中我们把这些属性配置到application.properties中后直接使用@value注入就行

如果在其他properties中定义属性需要指定配置文件位置

1-4、profile配置

profile是spring用来针对不同的环境采用不同的配置的支持，全局profile配置使用application-{profileName}.properties

通过application.properties中设置spring.profile.active=profileName来指定使用那个配置文件
1-5、命令行参数

SpringBoot可以基于jar包运行，

java -jar xx.jar --server.port=8081