Cent OS 7 安装 MySQL-8.0.18

查看有没有安装过mysql ,如果没有安装继续往下。如果已有mysql服务，可选择卸载或者退出此次安装

[root@localhost ~]## yum list installed mysql*

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql*

安装依赖

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y cmake make gcc gcc-c++ libaio ncurses ncurses-devel install libncurses*

下载 MySQL

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

解压的 MySQL 包

[root@localhost local]# tar xvJf mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/

修改安装目录

[root@localhost local]# mv /usr/local/mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

创建 MySQL 组

[root@localhost local]# groupadd mysql

创建 MySQL 用户

[root@localhost local]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

创建 data 目录

[root@localhost local]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

进入 MySQL 目录

[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local/mysql

赋予安装目录权限

[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./

安装数据库

[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

输出信息："I4CGGpo62i?j" 是安装完成生成的默认密码

2023-11-02T01:57:42.133841Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2023-11-02T01:57:42.134023Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.18) initializing of server in progress as process 1888
2023-11-02T01:57:46.913455Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: I4CGGpo62i?j

修改 my.cnf 配置文件

[root@localhost local]vim /etc/my.cnf

将下段代码写入 my.cnf 配置文件

[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

添加开机启动 

[root@localhost mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

修改  MySQL ， 在46行修改 mysql 路径

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld

baserdir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

配置环境变量 /etc/profile

末尾添加：export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin，如果之前配置过 PATH 变量则在后面追加 ：/usr/local/mysql/bin

使 profile 生效

[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile

加入开机启动

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld

启动 MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start

如出现如下错误，可使用此命令解决：mkdir /etc/my.cnf.d/。没有则跳过

my_print_defaults: Can't read dir of '/etc/my.cnf.d' (OS errno 2 - No such file or directory)

my_print_defaults: [ERROR] Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted!

my_print_defaults: Can't read dir of '/etc/my.cnf.d' (OS errno 2 - No such file or directory)

my_print_defaults: [ERROR] Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted!

ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!

my_print_defaults: Can't read dir of '/etc/my.cnf.d' (OS errno 2 - No such file or directory)

my_print_defaults: [ERROR] Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted!

Starting MySQL.my_print_defaults: Can't read dir of '/etc/my.cnf.d' (OS errno 2 - No such file or directory)

my_print_defaults: [ERROR] Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted!

my_print_defaults: Can't read dir of '/etc/my.cnf.d' (OS errno 2 - No such file or directory)

my_print_defaults: [ERROR] Fatal error in defaults handling. Program aborted!

Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.

ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid).

使用生成的默认密码登录 MySQL

[root@localhost ~] mysql -u root -p'I4CGGpo62i?j'

修改 MySQL 密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit;

开放端口 3306

[root@localhost ~] firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

重启防火墙

[root@localhost ~] systemctl restart firewalld

开启远程连接

[root@localhost ~] mysql -u root -p123456

选择 mysql

mysql> use mysql

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

修改 host

mysql> update user set host = '%' where user ='root';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

刷新权限

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)