初识 Kotlin （一）

1. kotlin 文档

• 官方文档
• kotlin 菜鸟教程
• from-java-to-kotlin
• Kotlin-for-Android-Developers
• Bandhook-Kotlin
  • Kotlin版本的音乐播放器，数据来源于LastFm
• GankClient-Kotlin
  • gank.io kotlin实现的干货集中营Android客户端，风格采用了Material Design
• PoiShuhui-Kotlin
  • 一个用Kotlin写的简单漫画APP
• Eyepetizer-in-Kotlin
  • 使用Kotlin撸一款Eyepetizer，学习Kotlin语言
• Tucao
  • Kotlin版本的吐槽客户端
• 不可错过的 Kotlin 资源列表
• kotlin设计模式

2. from java to kotlin

2.1 打印日志

Java

System.out.print("Amit Shekhar");
System.out.println("Amit Shekhar");

Kotlin

print("Amit Shekhar")
println("Amit Shekhar")

2.2 常量与变量

Java

String name = "Amit Shekhar";
final String string = "Hello";

Kotlin

var name = "Amit Shekhar"

const val string = "Hello"
//or
const val string: String = "Hello"

PS:

//val -> 不可变的变量，而不是常量
val name: String  = "york"

//如果不确定是否为空就加 -> ?
var name: String? = null

const val string = "Hello"
var name: String  = "york"

//如果不确定是否为空
var nameUnknown: String? = null

fun main(array: Array<String>) {
    name = nameUnknown!!//!! - > 表示已经确定不为空，若为空 Exception in thread "main" kotlin.KotlinNullPointerException
    println("name = $name")
}

2.3 null声明

Java

String otherName;
otherName = null;

Kotlin

var otherName : String?
otherName = null

2.4 空判断

Java

if (text != null) {
    int length = text.length();
}

Kotlin

text?.let {//表示text不为null的条件下，才会去执行let函数体
    val length = text.length
}
// or simply
val length = text?.length

2.5 字符串拼接

Java

String firstName = "Amit";
String lastName = "Shekhar";
String message = "My name is: " + firstName + " " + lastName;

Kotlin

val firstName = "Amit"
val lastName = "Shekhar"
val message = "My name is: $firstName $lastName"

2.6 换行

Java

String text = "First Line\n" +
              "Second Line\n" +
              "Third Line";

Kotlin

val text = """
        |First Line
        |Second Line
        |Third Line
        """.trimMargin()

2.7 三元表达式

Java

String text = x > 5 ? "x > 5" : "x <= 5";

Kotlin

val text = if (x > 5) "x > 5" else "x <= 5"

2.8 操作符

Java

final int andResult  = a & b;
final int orResult   = a | b;
final int xorResult  = a ^ b;
final int rightShift = a >> 2;
final int leftShift  = a << 2;
final int unsignedRightShift = a >>> 2;

Kotlin

val andResult  = a and b
val orResult   = a or b
val xorResult  = a xor b
val rightShift = a shr 2
val leftShift  = a shl 2
val unsignedRightShift = a ushr 2

2.9 类型判断和转换 (声明式)

Java

if (object instanceof Car) {
}
Car car = (Car) object;

Kotlin

if (object is Car) {
}
var car = object as Car

2.10 类型判断和转换 (隐式)

Java

if (object instanceof Car) {
   Car car = (Car) object;
}

Kotlin

if (object is Car) {
	var car = object // 聪明的转换
}

2.11 多重条件

Java

if (score >= 0 && score <= 300) { }

Kotlin

if (score in 0..300) { }

2.12 更灵活的case语句

Java

int score = // some score;
String grade;
switch (score) {
    case 10:
    case 9:
        grade = "Excellent";
        break;
    case 8:
    case 7:
    case 6:
        grade = "Good";
        break;
    case 5:
    case 4:
        grade = "OK";
        break;
    case 3:
    case 2:
    case 1:
        grade = "Fail";
        break;
    default:
        grade = "Fail";
}

Kotlin

var score = // some score
var grade = when (score) {
    9, 10 -> "Excellent"
    in 6..8 -> "Good"
    4, 5 -> "OK"
    in 1..3 -> "Fail"
    else -> "Fail"
}

2.13 for循环

Java

for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i++) { }

for (int i = 1; i < 10 ; i++) { }

for (int i = 10; i >= 0 ; i--) { }

for (int i = 1; i <= 10 ; i+=2) { }

for (int i = 10; i >= 0 ; i-=2) { }

for (String item : collection) { }

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry: map.entrySet()) { }

Kotlin

for (i in 1..10) { }

for (i in 1 until 10) { }

for (i in 10 downTo 0) { }

for (i in 1..10 step 2) { }

for (i in 10 downTo 0 step 2) { }

for (item in collection) { }

for ((key, value) in map) { }

2.14 更方便的集合操作

Java

final List<Integer> listOfNumber = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4);

final Map<Integer, String> keyValue = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
map.put(1, "Amit");
map.put(2, "Ali");
map.put(3, "Mindorks");

// Java 9
final List<Integer> listOfNumber = List.of(1, 2, 3, 4);

final Map<Integer, String> keyValue = Map.of(1, "Amit",
                                             2, "Ali",
                                             3, "Mindorks");

Kotlin

val listOfNumber = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4)

val keyValue = mapOf(1 to "Amit",
                     2 to "Ali",
                     3 to "Mindorks")

2.15 遍历

Java

// Java 7 and below
for (Car car : cars) {
  System.out.println(car.speed);
}

// Java 8+
cars.forEach(car -> System.out.println(car.speed));

// Java 7 and below
for (Car car : cars) {
  if (car.speed > 100) {
    System.out.println(car.speed);
  }
}

// Java 8+
cars.stream().filter(car -> car.speed > 100).forEach(car -> System.out.println(car.speed));

Kotlin

cars.forEach {
    println(it.speed)
}

cars.filter { it.speed > 100 }
      .forEach { println(it.speed)}

2.16 方法定义

Java

void doSomething() {
   // logic here
}

void doSomething(int... numbers) {
   // logic here
}

Kotlin

fun doSomething() {
   // logic here
}

fun doSomething(vararg numbers: Int) {
   // logic here
}

2.17 带返回值的方法

Java

int getScore() {
   // logic here
   return score;
}

Kotlin

fun getScore(): Int {
   // logic here
   return score
}

// as a single-expression function
fun getScore(): Int = score

2.18 constructor 构造器

Java

public class Utils {

    private Utils() { 
      // This utility class is not publicly instantiable 
    }
    
    public static int getScore(int value) {
        return 2 * value;
    }
    
}

Kotlin

class Utils private constructor() {

    companion object {
    
        fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
            return 2 * value
        }
        
    }
}

// another way

object Utils {

    fun getScore(value: Int): Int {
        return 2 * value
    }

}

2.19 Get Set 构造器

Java

public class Developer {

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Developer(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

        Developer developer = (Developer) o;

        if (age != developer.age) return false;
        return name != null ? name.equals(developer.name) : developer.name == null;

    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0;
        result = 31 * result + age;
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Developer{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

Kotlin

data class Developer(val name: String, val age: Int)

2.20 原型扩展

Java

public class Utils {

    private Utils() { 
      // This utility class is not publicly instantiable 
    }
    
    public static int triple(int value) {
        return 3 * value;
    }
    
}

int result = Utils.triple(3);

Kotlin

fun Int.triple(): Int {
  return this * 3
}

var result = 3.triple()