红橙Darren视频引申第一次写NDK项目（Android studio 4.1.1）

洌冰

于 2021-05-20 20:16:56 发布

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分类专栏：架构篇1下

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011109881/article/details/117044838

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1.第一次创建NDK项目

使用Android studio创建NDK的步骤如下：
打开Android Studio中的File->Settings->Android SDK
打开SDK Tools tab页选择NDK和CMake下载
在这里插入图片描述
下载完毕之后看看项目的NDK路径有没有识别如果识别即可创建C++项目
下载完毕之后点击 invalidate Caches/Restart 重启Android Studio

创建完毕后等待sync结束即可运行项目可以从c++层获取到一个string 如果编译不成功，去项目的local.properties查看ndk的路径是否指定如果没有指定则指定为下载好的ndk路径
Android Studio不同的版本下载的ndk路径不一样较老的版本似乎下载到
C:\Users<username>\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk
android 4.1.1的话则下载到指定sdk的路径去了
我的ndk路径如下
在这里插入图片描述

2.将已有的普通项目转变为NDK project

如果一个项目已经创建完毕那么我们怎么让他变成支持NDK的项目呢

2.1.指定ndk路径

打开项目的local.properties文件加入ndk的路径

sdk.dir=C\:\\codebase\\android-sdk_60_windows
ndk.dir=C\:\\codebase\\android-sdk_60_windows\\ndk\\23.0.7272597

然后使用as中的invalid/restart 选项重启
在这里插入图片描述
重启完了进入项目中查看是否修改成功

如图所示即修改成功

2.2 修改moudle的build.gradle文件

加入两个节点（externalNativeBuild和externalNativeBuild）如下注释部分

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
}

android {
    compileSdkVersion 29
    buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.testrecyclerview"
        minSdkVersion 24
        targetSdkVersion 29
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        //1 加入该节点
        externalNativeBuild {
            cmake {
                cppFlags ""
            }
        }
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    //2 加入该节点
    externalNativeBuild {
        cmake {
            path "src/main/cpp/CMakeLists.txt"
            version "3.10.2"
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
}

dependencies {

    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.2.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.3.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.4'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.+'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.3.0'
    implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.12.0'
    annotationProcessor 'com.github.bumptech.glide:compiler:4.12.0'
}

2.3 创建编译文件

在src/main下创建cpp/CMakeLists.txt
内容如下

# For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
# documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html

# Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10.2)

# Declares and names the project.

project("testRecyclerView")

# Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
# or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
# You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
# Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.

# so文件与c++文件的关联 如下这段则是native-lib.so 关联 native-lib.cpp
add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
             native-lib

             # Sets the library as a shared library.
             SHARED

             # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
             native-lib.cpp )

# 以下add_library是另外加的 为了测试添加一个新的c++文件
add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
             native-mylib

             # Sets the library as a shared library.
             SHARED

             # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
             native-mylib.cpp )

# Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
# variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
# default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
# you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
# completing its build.

find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
              log-lib

              # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
              # you want CMake to locate.
              log )

# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
# can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
# build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.

# 最终用到哪些so文件 既可以是自己编译的 也可以是第三方so库 也可以是系统的so库
# 这里我指定了两个so库
target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
                       native-lib
                       native-mylib
                       # Links the target library to the log library
                       # included in the NDK.
                       ${log-lib} )

2.4 创建c++文件

native-lib.cpp

#include <jni.h>
#include <string>

extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_com_example_testrecyclerview_MainActivity_stringFromJNI(
        JNIEnv *env,
        jobject /* this */) {
    std::string hello = "Hello from C++";
    return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str());
}

extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_com_example_testrecyclerview_MainActivity_myStringFromJNI(
        JNIEnv *env,
        jobject /* this */) {
    std::string hello = "My String from C++";
    return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str());
}

native-mylib.cpp

#include <jni.h>
#include <string>

extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_com_example_testrecyclerview_MainActivity_testString1(
        JNIEnv *env,
        jobject /* this */) {
    std::string hello = "testString1 C++";
    return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str());
}

extern "C" JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL
Java_com_example_testrecyclerview_MainActivity_testString2(
        JNIEnv *env,
        jobject /* this */) {
    std::string hello = "testString2 C++";
    return env->NewStringUTF(hello.c_str());
}

c++中的方法名取自Java文件的完整包名+类名+方法名，用下划线代替分隔符

2.5 在java文件中调用native方法

    // Used to load the 'native-lib' library on application startup.
    static {
        System.loadLibrary("native-lib");
        System.loadLibrary("native-mylib");
    }

    public native String myStringFromJNI();
    public native String stringFromJNI();
    public native String testString1();
    public native String testString2();

        TextView tv = findViewById(R.id.test);
        tv.setText(myStringFromJNI()+stringFromJNI()+testString1()+testString2());