文章目录
Spring启动流程
本系列文章是研究springMVC启动过程中spring是如何启动的,从读取web.xml,到IOC容器的生成、bean工厂的生成、bean的加载过程、bean的解析过程等等。
- spring启动流程简单介绍
- spring启动流程的核心refresh()方法简单介绍
- refresh()中的核心方法:obtainFreshBeanFactory()
- obtainFreshBeanFactory()中的具体方法解析:如何解析xml
- obtainFreshBeanFactory()中的具体方法解析:如何加载bean
1. Tomcat的启动,读取web.xml
tomcat启动时创建ServletContext(Servlet运行的上下文环境对象),读取web.xml,首先读取<context-param>
和<listener>
。
<!-- 配置 Spring -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
...
ServletContext对象的使用
web应用参数可以让当前web应用的所有servlet获取,在web.xml文件中,<web-app>
中进行配置:
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
通过ServletContext获取web.xml中的参数:
String paramValue = context.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
System.out.println("paramValue:"+paramValue);
//运行结果:
paramValue:classpath:spring.xml
2. 加载ContextLoader类的静态块
读取web.xml时,执行ContextLoaderListener监听器:
public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {
public ContextLoaderListener() {
}
public ContextLoaderListener(WebApplicationContext context) {
super(context);
}
/**
* Initialize the root web application context.
*/
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
/**
* Close the root web application context.
*/
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext());
}
}
而ContextLoaderListener继承了ContextLoader类,实现了ServletContextListener接口。
因此在调用ContextLoaderListener监视器时先执行ContextLoader类的静态块:
public class ContextLoader {
private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "ContextLoader.properties";
private static final Properties defaultStrategies;
static {
try {
ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, ContextLoader.class);
defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'ContextLoader.properties': " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
}
执行代码块时会读取DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH,即读取ContextLoader.properties文件,这个文件的内容:
点开内容为:
org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
由此可见,这静态块的作用是设置defaultStrategies的默认值为XmlWebApplicationContext。
3. 初始化WebApplicationContext,具体步骤
执行完静态块,接下来执行ContextLoaderListener的contextInitialized方法。
public class ContextLoaderListener extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
}
进入ContextLoader类的initWebApplicationContext方法,作用就是初始化根上下文WebApplicationContext,这是一个接口类,其实现类是XmlWebApplicationContext或AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext。
public class ContextLoader {
...
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
//确保初始化一次,只有一个WebApplicationContext
if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
}
Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
}
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
if (this.context == null) {
//创建并初始化根上下文:WebApplicationContext
this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
}
if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
cwac.setParent(parent);
}
//完成所有bean的解析、加载和初始化
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
}
}
//将初始化后的context存到了servletContext中
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
currentContext = this.context;
}
else if (ccl != null) {
currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
}
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
}
return this.context;
}
catch (RuntimeException ex) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
//即使初始化失败仍不允许有再次的初始化
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
throw ex;
}
catch (Error err) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
//即使初始化失败仍不允许有再次的初始化
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
throw err;
}
}
...
}
这个方法主要是做了四件事:
- 确保初始化一次,只有一个WebApplicationContext
- 创建并初始化根上下文:WebApplicationContext
- 完成所有bean的解析、加载和初始化
- 将WebApplicationContext放入ServletContext(Java Web的全局变量)中
3.1) 确保初始化一次,只有一个WebApplicationContext
初始化根上下文之前,首先判断是否有org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext.ROOT。
if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
"check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
}
注意:
String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";
调试发现:
ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE="org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext.ROOT"
3.2) 创建并初始化根上下文:WebApplicationContext
if (this.context == null) {
this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
}
createWebApplicationContext方法:
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
// 确定上下文类是XmlWebApplicationContext或AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
}
return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}
进入determineContextClass方法,
protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
if (contextClassName != null) {
try {
return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
}
}
else {
contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
try {
return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
}
}
}
其中
public static final String CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM = "contextClass";
...
String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
优先从ServletContext取contextClass参数对应的值,即查看是否在web.xml中配置
,从而判断获取contextClassName的值是否为空。
- 如果contextClassName不为null,则加载web.xml中配置的参数
- 如果contextClassName为null,则加载默认的XmlWebApplicationContext
contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
其中defaultStrategies是在ContextLoader类中执行静态块设置的默认:XmlWebApplicationContext,因此WebApplicationContext的实现类是XmlWebApplicationContext。
3.3) 完成所有bean的解析、加载和初始化
因为XmlWebApplicationContext间接实现了ConfigurableWebApplicationContext接口,所以执行以下代码:
if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
//初始化的时候容器还未刷新
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
cwac.setParent(parent);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
}
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext方法:
protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) {
if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM);
if (idParam != null) {
wac.setId(idParam);
}
else {
// Generate default id...
wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath()));
}
}
//将servletContext这个上下文放到了wac中
//在Spring容器中,有了servlet的上下文参数,那么我们可以在spring后续的容器操作中,使用servlet的配置等信息了
wac.setServletContext(sc);
//读取web.xml中Spring配置文件路径
String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
if (configLocationParam != null) {
wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam);
}
ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null);
}
customizeContext(sc, wac);
wac.refresh();
}
读取web.xml中定义的context-param:contextConfigLocation来找到spring的配置文件
String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM);
//configLocationParam = "classpath:spring.xml"
//见web.xml中配置
其中sc为ServletContext,CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM=“contextConfigLocation”。
重点来了,wac.refresh(),这个方法就要开始Spring容器的刷新了
@Override
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
//1 刷新前的预处理
prepareRefresh();
//2 获取BeanFactory;刚创建的默认DefaultListableBeanFactory
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
//3 BeanFactory的预准备工作(BeanFactory进行一些设置)
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// 4 BeanFactory准备工作完成后进行的后置处理工作;
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
/**************************以上是BeanFactory的创建及预准备工作 ****************/
// 5 执行BeanFactoryPostProcessor的方法;
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
//6 注册BeanPostProcessor(Bean的后置处理器)
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// 7 initMessageSource();初始化MessageSource组件(做国际化功能;消息绑定,消息解析);
initMessageSource();
// 8 初始化事件派发器
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// 9 子类重写这个方法,在容器刷新的时候可以自定义逻辑;
onRefresh();
// 10 给容器中将所有项目里面的ApplicationListener注册进来
registerListeners();
// 11.初始化所有剩下的单实例bean;
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// 12.完成BeanFactory的初始化创建工作;IOC容器就创建完成;
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
destroyBeans();
cancelRefresh(ex);
throw ex;
}
...
}
}
3.4) 将初始化后的context存到了servletContext中
初始化完成的context(XmlWebApplicationContext或AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext)存到了一个Map变量中,key值就是WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE这个常量,目的是为了避免再被初始化。
servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);
注意:
String ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT";
调试发现:
ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE="org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext.ROOT"
spring启动流程 viso流程图下载地址:
https://download.csdn.net/download/u011151359/11500967