hibernate的annotation用法之----单向/多向的多对一映射

上一节已经简单的讲了怎么样使用hibernate的annotation，这节就来说一下多对一映射（单向/多向）

先说单向多对一

新建一个java项目，结构如下：

jar和hibernate官网获取方法，以及hibernate.cfg.xml配置，参见《Hibernate环境搭建和配置》

实体类Book代码：

package com.ghibernate.pojo;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;

/**
 * entiry表示需要持久化的实体类
 * Table表示实体类所对应的表
 */
@Entity
@Table(name="t_book")
public class Book {

	//Id主键
	@Id
	//指定主键生成策略
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
	private int id ;
	@Column(name="book_name")
	private String name ;
	@Column
	private double price ;
	private String author ;
	private Date pubDate ;
	//manyToOne表示映射关系
	@ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
	//JoinColumn指明外键
	@JoinColumn(name="categry_id")
	private Category category ;
	
	public Category getCategory() {
		return category;
	}
	public void setCategory(Category category) {
		this.category = category;
	}
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
	public void setPrice(double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}
	public String getAuthor() {
		return author;
	}
	public void setAuthor(String author) {
		this.author = author;
	}
	public Date getPubDate() {
		return pubDate;
	}
	public void setPubDate(Date pubDate) {
		this.pubDate = pubDate;
	}
	
	
}

实体类Category代码：

package com.ghibernate.pojo;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table
public class Category {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
	private int id ;
	private String name ;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	
}

hibernate.cfg.xml代码：

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
	<!-- 配置数据库连接信息 -->
	<property name="connection.driver_class">
		com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
	</property>
	<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hibernate4</property>
	<property name="connection.username">root</property>
	<property name="connection.password">root</property>
	<!-- 数据库方言 -->
	<property name="hibernate.dialect">
		org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
	</property>
	<!-- 是否打印sql语句 -->
	<property name="show_sql">true</property>
	<!-- 格式化sql语句 -->
	<property name="format_sql">true</property>
	<!-- 数据库更新方式： 
		1、create：每次更新都先把原有数据库表删除，然后创建该表；
		2、create-drop:使用create-drop时，在显示关闭SessionFacroty时（sessionFactory.close()），将drop掉数据库Schema（表） 
		3、validate：检测；
		4、update（常用）：如果表不存在则创建，如果存在就不创建
	-->
	<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
	<!-- hbm映射文件 -->
	<mapping class="com.ghibernate.pojo.Book" />
	<mapping class="com.ghibernate.pojo.Category" />

</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

HIbernateUtil代码：

package com.robert.util;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

/**
 * hibernate工具类
 */
public class HibernateUtil {

	private static Configuration cfg = null;
	private static SessionFactory factory = null;
	private static Session session = null ;
	
	static {
		init();
	}

	/**
	 * 初始化获得Configuration和SessionFacroty对象
	 */
	public static void init() {
		cfg = new Configuration().configure();
		factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory(new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
				.applySettings(cfg.getProperties()).build());
	}

	/**
	 * 获得Session对象
	 * @return
	 */
	public static Session getSession() {
		if (factory != null){
			return session = factory.openSession();
		}
		

		init();
		return session = factory.openSession();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 关闭Session
	 */
	public static void closeSession() {
		if(session!=null && session.isOpen())
			session.close();
	}

}

测试类HibernateTest代码：

package com.ghibernate.test;

import java.util.Date;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.ghibernate.pojo.Book;
import com.ghibernate.pojo.Category;
import com.robert.util.HibernateUtil;

public class HibernateTest {

	@Test
	public void testCreateDB() {
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
		SchemaExport se = new SchemaExport(cfg);
		// 第一个参数：是否生成ddl脚本
		// 第二个参数：是否执行到数据库中
		se.create(true, true);
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testSave() {
		
		Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession() ;
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction() ;

		Category category = new Category() ;
		category.setName("文学类") ;
		
		Book book = new Book() ;
		book.setName("读者") ;
		book.setPrice(5.6) ;
		book.setAuthor("众人") ;
		book.setPubDate(new Date()) ;
		book.setCategory(category) ;
		
		session.save(book) ;
		
		tx.commit() ;
		HibernateUtil.closeSession();
		
	}

	
	@Test
	public void testGet() {
		
		Session session = HibernateUtil.getSession() ;
		Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction() ;

		Book book = (Book) session.get(Book.class, 1) ;
		System.out.println("book_name="+book.getName() +"-----category="+book.getCategory().getName());
		
		tx.commit() ;
		HibernateUtil.closeSession();
		
	}

	
}

运行testCreateDB重新生成代码

运行testSave保存数据

运行testGet获取数据

===============================================================================

双向多对一

双向多对一和单向多对一代码的区别就是在上面的代码的一端Category类中增加多端Book的关联，其他的不变，

Category代码：

package com.ghibernate.pojo;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table
public class Category {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
	private int id ;
	private String name ;
	//在多对一中的一端，设置了OneToMany后，必须指定mappedBy=多端的属性，这里的多端是Book
	@OneToMany(mappedBy="category")
	private Set<Book> books = new HashSet<Book>() ;
	
	
	public Set<Book> getBooks() {
		return books;
	}
	public void setBooks(Set<Book> books) {
		this.books = books;
	}
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
	
}