Android中Handler的意义和用法

Handler用于线程间的通信，本文分析Handler、Looper、MessageQueue等的原理及Handler和BroadcastReceiver的差异。

线程A创建Looper及MessageQueue，创建Handler；在线程B创建消息，用Handler将消息PUSH给由Looper管理的MessageQueue；线程A通过Looper循环查询MessageQueue，发现消息则POP给Handler处理。

1、示例分析

1) MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private static final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
	public static final int MSG_FIRST = 0x01;
	public static final int MSG_SECOND = 0x02;
	public static final int MSG_THIRD = 0x03;
	public static final int MSG_FOURTH = 0x04;
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
	}
	Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
		@Override
		public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
			Log.i(TAG, "dispatchMessage-"+msg.what);
//			super.dispatchMessage(msg);
			if(handler_sub!=null)
				handler_sub.dispatchMessage(msg);
		}
		@Override
		public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
			super.handleMessage(msg);
			switch(msg.what){
			case MSG_FIRST:
				Log.i(TAG, "MSG_FIRST");break;
			case MSG_SECOND:
				Log.i(TAG, "MSG_SECOND");break;
			}
		}
	};
	private class MyThread extends Thread{
		int mId = 0;
		public MyThread(int id){
			mId = id;
		}
		@Override
		public void run() {
			super.run();
			//global message pool
			switch(mId){
			case 0:
				mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_FIRST).sendToTarget();break;
			case 1:
				Message msg = new Message();
				msg.what = MSG_SECOND;
				mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg, 5000L);
//				mHandler.sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis()+5000L);
//				mHandler.sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(msg);
//				mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
				break;
			case 2:
				Message.obtain(mHandler, MSG_THIRD).sendToTarget();
//				Message.obtain(mHandler, MSG_THIRD, 1, 2, null).sendToTarget();
			}
		}
	}
	public void onClick(View v){
		switch(v.getId()){
		case R.id.btn:
			MyThread myThread = new MyThread(0);
			myThread.start();break;
		case R.id.btn2:
			MyThread myThread1 = new MyThread(1);
			myThread1.start();break;
		case R.id.btn3:
			MyThread myThread2 = new MyThread(2);
			myThread2.start();break;
		case R.id.btn4:
			MyThread2 mt = new MyThread2();
			mt.start();
		}
	}
	Handler handler_sub;
	private class MyThread2 extends Thread{
		@Override
		public void run() {
			super.run();
			Looper.prepare();
			mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
				@Override
				public void run() {
					TextView tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt);
					tv.setText("less popular");
				}
			}, 3000L);
			handler_sub = new Handler(){
				@Override
				public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
					super.handleMessage(msg);
					Log.i(TAG, "handleMessage-"+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"|"+msg.what);
				}
			};
			Looper.loop();
			Looper.myLooper().quitSafely();
		}
	}
}

2) activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <Button 
        android:id="@+id/btn"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onClick"
        android:text="send"/>
    <Button 
        android:id="@+id/btn2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onClick"
        android:text="send2"/>
    <Button 
        android:id="@+id/btn3"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onClick"
        android:text="send3"/>
    <Button 
        android:id="@+id/btn4"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onClick"
        android:text="send4"/>
    <TextView 
        android:id="@+id/txt"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</LinearLayout>

2、Handler和BroadcastReceiver的比较

差异：发消息需要Handler引用，而发广播只需提供ACTION；发前后Message和Object还是同一个对象，Intent和Bundle已是另一个对象。

1) MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private static final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
		IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
		filter.addAction(MyBroadcastReceiver.ACTION_RABBIT);
		registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
	}
	protected void onDestroy() {
		Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy");
		super.onDestroy();
		unregisterReceiver(receiver);//注销所有ACTION
	};
	MyBroadcastReceiver receiver = new MyBroadcastReceiver();
	Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
		@Override
		public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
			switch (msg.what) {
			case 0:
				//Message和Person对象不变
				Log.w(TAG, "handleMessage-msg:"+msg.hashCode());
				Log.w(TAG, "handleMessage-Person:"+msg.obj.hashCode());
				break;

			default:
				break;
			}
		};
	};
	public void onClick(View v){
		switch (v.getId()) {
		case R.id.btn:
			Person p = new Person();
			p.setName("talent");
			p.setAge(21);
			Log.w(TAG, "onClick-Person:"+p.hashCode());
			Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(0, p);
			Log.w(TAG, "onClick-msg:"+msg.hashCode());
			msg.sendToTarget();
			break;
		case R.id.btn_broadcast:
			//Intent和Bundle均是Parcelable、Cloneable的子类
			Intent intent = new Intent();
			intent.setAction(MyBroadcastReceiver.ACTION_RABBIT);
			Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
			Log.w(TAG, "onClick-Bundle:"+bundle.hashCode());
			Log.w(TAG, "onClick-Intent:"+intent.hashCode());
			bundle.putBoolean("ready", true);
			intent.putExtras(bundle);//intent.removeExtra(String);
			sendBroadcast(intent);
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
}

2) activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <Button 
        android:id="@+id/btn"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onClick"
        android:text="tap me"/>
    <Button 
        android:id="@+id/btn_broadcast"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="onClick"
        android:text="send broadcast"/>
</LinearLayout>

3) Person.java

public class Person {
	private String name;
	private int age;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
}

4) MyBroadcastReceiver.java

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
	private static final String TAG = MyBroadcastReceiver.class.getSimpleName();
	public static final String ACTION_RABBIT = "action.rabbit";
	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		String action = intent.getAction();//set/get
		if(ACTION_RABBIT.equals(action)){
			Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();//put/get
			//传过来的Intent和Bundle对象均已变
			Log.w(TAG, "onReceive-Bundle:"+bundle.hashCode());
			Log.w(TAG, "onReceive-intent:"+intent.hashCode());
		}
	}
}