pip工具的使用：基本+高级用法

玩转智能机器人

已于 2022-11-26 19:15:13 修改

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签： pip python 开发语言

于 2022-11-26 19:13:23 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011198687/article/details/128055676

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简介

pip工具是python首选的包管理工具

安装

Ubuntu系统

# 安装pip3
sudo apt-get install python3-pip
# 安装pip2
sudo apt-get install python-pip

使用

1. 基本用法： pip install

# 从 Python Package Index <https://pypi.org> 安装一个模块的最新版本及其依赖项
python -m pip install SomePackage
# 安装指定版本
python -m pip install SomePackage==1.0.4    # specific version
python -m pip install "SomePackage>=1.0.4"  # minimum version
# 升级指定模块
python -m pip install --upgrade SomePackagepython -m pip install --upgrade SomePackage
# 使用带版本号的 Python 命令配合 -m 开关选项来运行特定版本的pip
# 使用pip2
python -m pip install SomePackage
# 使用pip3
python3 -m pip install SomePackage
# 在 Windows 中，使用 py Python 启动器命令配合 -m 开关选项
py -2   -m pip install SomePackage  # default Python 2
py -2.7 -m pip install SomePackage  # specifically Python 2.7
py -3   -m pip install SomePackage  # default Python 3
py -3.4 -m pip install SomePackage  # specifically Python 3.4

2. 高级用法：pip install

# Install from an alternate index 从一个代理索引安装
python3 -m pip install --index-url http://my.package.repo/simple/ SomeProject
# Search an additional index during install, in addition to PyPI
python3 -m pip install --extra-index-url http://my.package.repo/simple SomeProject
# Installing from a local src tree
# Installing from local src in Development Mode, i.e. in such a way that the project appears to be installed, but yet is still editable from the src tree.
python3 -m pip install -e <path>
# You can also install normally from src
python3 -m pip install <path>
# Installing from local archives 安装本地压缩包
# Install a particular source archive file.安装指定源文件压缩包
python3 -m pip install ./downloads/SomeProject-1.0.4.tar.gz

# Install from a local directory containing archives (and don’t check PyPI) 从指定包含压缩包的目录安装
# 这个功能一般用于一次性安装指定目录下的多个安装文件
python3 -m pip install --no-index --find-links=file:///local/dir/ SomeProject
python3 -m pip install --no-index --find-links=/local/dir/ SomeProject
python3 -m pip install --no-index --find-links=relative/dir/ SomeProject
# 举例模块matplotlib的离线安装
#指定清华源下载
python -m pip download matplotlib -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple  
# 该命令会下载本机器支持的离线库文件以及当前包依赖的所有库文件
# cd到whl文件目录下，执行以下指令进行安装：
python3 -m pip install --no-index --find-links=./ matplotlib

3. pip download 可以下载安装包

#举例指定清华源下载matplotlib模块
python -m pip download matplotlib -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

4. `pip uninstall` 后跟一个或多个包名称将从虚拟环境中删除包。

5. `pip show` 将显示有关特定包的信息

narwal@sz-0203014018:~$ python3 -m pip show requests
Name: requests
Version: 2.27.1
Summary: Python HTTP for Humans.
Home-page: https://requests.readthedocs.io
Author: Kenneth Reitz
Author-email: me@kennethreitz.org
License: Apache 2.0
Location: /home/narwal/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages
Requires: urllib3, charset-normalizer, certifi, idna
Required-by: twine, requests-toolbelt, narwal-auto, narwal-auto-cli

6. `pip list` 将显示虚拟环境中安装的所有软件包

7. pip freeze 将生成一个类似的已安装包列表，但输出使用 `pip install` 期望的格式。一个常见的约定是将此列表放在 `requirements.txt` 文件中

(tutorial-env) $ pip freeze > requirements.txt
(tutorial-env) $ cat requirements.txt
novas==3.1.1.3
numpy==1.9.2
requests==2.7.0

8. 然后可以将 `requirements.txt` 提交给版本控制并作为应用程序的一部分提供。然后用户可以使用 `install -r` 安装所有必需的包：

(tutorial-env) $ python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
Collecting novas==3.1.1.3 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
  ...
Collecting numpy==1.9.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
  ...
Collecting requests==2.7.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))
  ...
Installing collected packages: novas, numpy, requests
  Running setup.py install for novas
Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3 numpy-1.9.2 requests-2.7.0