C++备忘录080：C/C++中最让人恼火的特性

隐式类型转换

#include <iostream>
#include <variant>
#include <string>

int main() {
    auto const v = std::variant<bool, std::string>{"hello"}; 
    std::cout << v.index() << '\n'; // prints 0
}

因为"hello"是char const*，而char const*可以被隐式转换成bool，所以variant的实际类型是bool而不是std::string

类不说，基本的数学运算，C/C++也做不好

#include <iostream>

int main() {
	int a = -1;
	unsigned b = 1;
	if (a > b) {
		std::cout << "-1 > 1\n";
	}
}

它打印-1 > 1，因为a与b的宽度一致，此时无符号数的优先级更高，a被根据numeric conversions规则转成了无符号数即2³²-1，当然大于b

而

#include <iostream>

void foo(int) { std::cout << "int\n"; }
void foo(unsigned) { std::cout << "unsigned\n"; }

int main() {
    foo(uint8_t{3});
}

调用的是foo(unsigned)，这里uint8_t{3}被根据 integral promotion 规则提升成了unsigned类型

WTF