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视音频数据处理入门系列文章:
视音频数据处理入门:RGB、YUV像素数据处理
视音频数据处理入门:PCM音频采样数据处理
视音频数据处理入门:H.264视频码流解析
视音频数据处理入门:AAC音频码流解析
视音频数据处理入门:FLV封装格式解析
视音频数据处理入门:UDP-RTP协议解析
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前两篇文章介绍的YUV/RGB处理程序以及PCM处理程序都属于视音频原始数据的处理程序。从本文开始介绍视音频码流的处理程序。本文介绍的程序是视频码流处理程序。视频码流在视频播放器中的位置如下所示。
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160118001528487)
本文中的程序是一个H.264码流解析程序。该程序可以从H.264码流中分析得到它的基本单元NALU,并且可以简单解析NALU首部的字段。通过修改该程序可以实现不同的H.264码流处理功能。
原理
H.264原始码流(又称为“裸流”)是由一个一个的NALU组成的。他们的结构如下图所示。
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160118001549018)
其中每个NALU之间通过startcode(起始码)进行分隔,起始码分成两种:0x000001(3Byte)或者0x00000001(4Byte)。如果NALU对应的Slice为一帧的开始就用0x00000001,否则就用0x000001。
H.264码流解析的步骤就是首先从码流中搜索0x000001和0x00000001,分离出NALU;然后再分析NALU的各个字段。本文的程序即实现了上述的两个步骤。
代码
整个程序位于simplest_h264_parser()函数中,如下所示。
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- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
-
- typedef enum {
- NALU_TYPE_SLICE = 1,
- NALU_TYPE_DPA = 2,
- NALU_TYPE_DPB = 3,
- NALU_TYPE_DPC = 4,
- NALU_TYPE_IDR = 5,
- NALU_TYPE_SEI = 6,
- NALU_TYPE_SPS = 7,
- NALU_TYPE_PPS = 8,
- NALU_TYPE_AUD = 9,
- NALU_TYPE_EOSEQ = 10,
- NALU_TYPE_EOSTREAM = 11,
- NALU_TYPE_FILL = 12,
- } NaluType;
-
- typedef enum {
- NALU_PRIORITY_DISPOSABLE = 0,
- NALU_PRIRITY_LOW = 1,
- NALU_PRIORITY_HIGH = 2,
- NALU_PRIORITY_HIGHEST = 3
- } NaluPriority;
-
-
- typedef struct
- {
- int startcodeprefix_len;
- unsigned len;
- unsigned max_size;
- int forbidden_bit;
- int nal_reference_idc;
- int nal_unit_type;
- char *buf;
- } NALU_t;
-
- FILE *h264bitstream = NULL;
-
- int info2=0, info3=0;
-
- static int FindStartCode2 (unsigned char *Buf){
- if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=1) return 0;
- else return 1;
- }
-
- static int FindStartCode3 (unsigned char *Buf){
- if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=0 || Buf[3] !=1) return 0;
- else return 1;
- }
-
-
- int GetAnnexbNALU (NALU_t *nalu){
- int pos = 0;
- int StartCodeFound, rewind;
- unsigned char *Buf;
-
- if ((Buf = (unsigned char*)calloc (nalu->max_size , sizeof(char))) == NULL)
- printf ("GetAnnexbNALU: Could not allocate Buf memory\n");
-
- nalu->startcodeprefix_len=3;
-
- if (3 != fread (Buf, 1, 3, h264bitstream)){
- free(Buf);
- return 0;
- }
- info2 = FindStartCode2 (Buf);
- if(info2 != 1) {
- if(1 != fread(Buf+3, 1, 1, h264bitstream)){
- free(Buf);
- return 0;
- }
- info3 = FindStartCode3 (Buf);
- if (info3 != 1){
- free(Buf);
- return -1;
- }
- else {
- pos = 4;
- nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 4;
- }
- }
- else{
- nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 3;
- pos = 3;
- }
- StartCodeFound = 0;
- info2 = 0;
- info3 = 0;
-
- while (!StartCodeFound){
- if (feof (h264bitstream)){
- nalu->len = (pos-1)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len;
- memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len);
- nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80;
- nalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60;
- nalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f;
- free(Buf);
- return pos-1;
- }
- Buf[pos++] = fgetc (h264bitstream);
- info3 = FindStartCode3(&Buf[pos-4]);
- if(info3 != 1)
- info2 = FindStartCode2(&Buf[pos-3]);
- StartCodeFound = (info2 == 1 || info3 == 1);
- }
-
-
-
- rewind = (info3 == 1)? -4 : -3;
-
- if (0 != fseek (h264bitstream, rewind, SEEK_CUR)){
- free(Buf);
- printf("GetAnnexbNALU: Cannot fseek in the bit stream file");
- }
-
-
-
-
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- nalu->len = (pos+rewind)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len;
- memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len);
- nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80;
- nalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60;
- nalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f;
- free(Buf);
-
- return (pos+rewind);
- }
-
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- int simplest_h264_parser(char *url){
-
- NALU_t *n;
- int buffersize=100000;
-
-
- FILE *myout=stdout;
-
- h264bitstream=fopen(url, "rb+");
- if (h264bitstream==NULL){
- printf("Open file error\n");
- return 0;
- }
-
- n = (NALU_t*)calloc (1, sizeof (NALU_t));
- if (n == NULL){
- printf("Alloc NALU Error\n");
- return 0;
- }
-
- n->max_size=buffersize;
- n->buf = (char*)calloc (buffersize, sizeof (char));
- if (n->buf == NULL){
- free (n);
- printf ("AllocNALU: n->buf");
- return 0;
- }
-
- int data_offset=0;
- int nal_num=0;
- printf("-----+-------- NALU Table ------+---------+\n");
- printf(" NUM | POS | IDC | TYPE | LEN |\n");
- printf("-----+---------+--------+-------+---------+\n");
-
- while(!feof(h264bitstream))
- {
- int data_lenth;
- data_lenth=GetAnnexbNALU(n);
-
- char type_str[20]={0};
- switch(n->nal_unit_type){
- case NALU_TYPE_SLICE:sprintf(type_str,"SLICE");break;
- case NALU_TYPE_DPA:sprintf(type_str,"DPA");break;
- case NALU_TYPE_DPB:sprintf(type_str,"DPB");break;
- case NALU_TYPE_DPC:sprintf(type_str,"DPC");break;
- case NALU_TYPE_IDR:sprintf(type_str,"IDR");break;
- case NALU_TYPE_SEI:sprintf(type_str,"SEI");break;
- case NALU_TYPE_SPS:sprintf(type_str,"SPS");break;
- case NALU_TYPE_PPS:sprintf(type_str,"PPS");break;
- case NALU_TYPE_AUD:sprintf(type_str,"AUD");break;
- case NALU_TYPE_EOSEQ:sprintf(type_str,"EOSEQ");break;
- case NALU_TYPE_EOSTREAM:sprintf(type_str,"EOSTREAM");break;
- case NALU_TYPE_FILL:sprintf(type_str,"FILL");break;
- }
- char idc_str[20]={0};
- switch(n->nal_reference_idc>>5){
- case NALU_PRIORITY_DISPOSABLE:sprintf(idc_str,"DISPOS");break;
- case NALU_PRIRITY_LOW:sprintf(idc_str,"LOW");break;
- case NALU_PRIORITY_HIGH:sprintf(idc_str,"HIGH");break;
- case NALU_PRIORITY_HIGHEST:sprintf(idc_str,"HIGHEST");break;
- }
-
- fprintf(myout,"%5d| %8d| %7s| %6s| %8d|\n",nal_num,data_offset,idc_str,type_str,n->len);
-
- data_offset=data_offset+data_lenth;
-
- nal_num++;
- }
-
-
- if (n){
- if (n->buf){
- free(n->buf);
- n->buf=NULL;
- }
- free (n);
- }
- return 0;
- }
上文中的函数调用方法如下所示。
- simplest_h264_parser("sintel.h264");
结果
本程序的输入为一个H.264原始码流(裸流)的文件路径,输出为该码流的NALU统计数据,如下图所示。
![](https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160118003147122)
下载
Simplest mediadata test
项目主页
SourceForge:https://sourceforge.net/projects/simplest-mediadata-test/
Github:https://github.com/leixiaohua1020/simplest_mediadata_test
开源中国:http://git.oschina.net/leixiaohua1020/simplest_mediadata_test
CSDN下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/9422409
本项目包含如下几种视音频数据解析示例:
(1)像素数据处理程序。包含RGB和YUV像素格式处理的函数。
(2)音频采样数据处理程序。包含PCM音频采样格式处理的函数。
(3)H.264码流分析程序。可以分离并解析NALU。
(4)AAC码流分析程序。可以分离并解析ADTS帧。
(5)FLV封装格式分析程序。可以将FLV中的MP3音频码流分离出来。
(6)UDP-RTP协议分析程序。可以将分析UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS数据包。
雷霄骅 (Lei Xiaohua)
leixiaohua1020@126.com
http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020