Java CompletableFuture supplyAsync
与 thenApply() 一起使用
自定义执行器 Executor
与 whenComplete() 一起使用
与流(Stream)一起使用
参考文献
在此页面上,我们将提供 Java CompletableFuture.supplyAsync()示例。
supplyAsync()是Java 8中引入的CompletableFuture静态方法。
方法supplyAsync()完成在ForkJoinPool.commonPool()或给定的Executor中异步运行的任务。
查找方法声明。
1.supplyAsync(Supplier supplier)
我们需要将Supplier作为任务传递给supplyAsync()方法。
默认情况下,该任务将在ForkJoinPool.commonPool()中异步完成运行,最后,supplyAsync()将返回新的CompletableFuture,其值是通过调用给定的Supplier所获得的值。
查找supplyAsync()方法的示例代码。
CompletableFuture<String> cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()-> "Hello World!");
System.out.println(cf.get());
2.supplyAsync(Supplier supplier, Executor executor)
我们需要将Supplier作为任务传递给supplyAsyncl()方法。
该任务将在给定的Executor中异步完成运行,最后supplyAsyncl()将返回具有通过调用给定Supplier所获得的值的新CompletableFuture。
使用Executor查找supplyAsyncl()的示例代码。
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CompletableFuture<String> cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(
()-> "Hello World!",
executorService
);
System.out.println(cf.get());
在此页面上,我们将提供带有thenApply(),whenComplete()和ForkJoinPool.commonPool()和Executor的supplyAsync()示例。
我们还将通过Stream提供示例。
与 thenApply() 一起使用
thenApply()通过传递阶段结果来执行一个函数。当我们将supplyAsync()与thenApply()一起使用时,那么thenApply()将通过将结果作为从supplyAsync()获得的参数传递来执行给定的函数。
SupplyAsyncExample1.java
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
public class SupplyAsyncExample1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
CompletableFuture<String> cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()-> getDataById(10))
.thenApply(data -> sendData(data));
cf.get();
}
private static String getDataById(int id) {
System.out.println("getDataById: "+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
return "Data:"+ id;
}
private static String sendData(String data) {
System.out.println("sendData: "+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
System.out.println(data);
return data;
}
}
输出
getDataById: ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1
sendData: main
Data:10
主线程开始执行代码,当代码到达supplyAsync()时,supplyAsync()从ForkJoinPool.commonPool()获取新线程以异步执行其功能。
thenApply()将由主线程或supplyAsync()使用的线程执行。
如果supplyAsync()的Supplier花费的时间更长,则Apply()将由supplyAsync()所使用的线程执行,因此主线程将不会被阻塞。
要理解这一点,请按如下所示更改getDataById()方法。
private static String getDataById(int id) {
System.out.println("getDataById: "+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "Data:"+ id;
}
输出
getDataById: ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1
sendData: ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1
Data:10
自定义执行器 Executor
在这里,我们将Executor作为参数传递给supplyAsync() 。
现在,传递给supplyAsync() 的Supplier将由给定的Executor执行,而不是由ForkJoinPool.commonPool() 执行。
SupplyAsyncExample2.java
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class SupplyAsyncExample2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
CompletableFuture<String> cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(
()-> getDataById(10),
executorService
)
.thenApply(data -> sendData(data));
cf.get();
executorService.shutdown();
}
private static String getDataById(int id) {
System.out.println("getDataById: "+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
return "Data:"+ id;
}
private static String sendData(String data) {
System.out.println("sendData: "+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
System.out.println(data);
return data;
}
输出
getDataById: pool-1-thread-1
sendData: main
Data:10
与 whenComplete() 一起使用
在这里,我们将使用whenComplete() 方法创建supplyAsync() 示例。
在完成给定操作后,whenComplete() 返回具有相同结果或异常的新CompletionStage。
行为是BiConsumer,其中第一个值是CompletionStage的结果,第二个是错误(如果有的话),否则为null。
SupplyAsyncExample3.java
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
public class SupplyAsyncExample3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
CompletableFuture<String> cf = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()-> getDataById(10))
.whenComplete((data, error) -> {
consumeData(data);
if(error!= null) {
System.out.println(error);
}
});
cf.get();
}
private static String getDataById(int id) {
System.out.println("getDataById: "+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
return "Data:"+ id;
}
private static void consumeData(String data) {
System.out.println("consumeData: "+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
System.out.println(data);
}
}
输出
getDataById: ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1
consumeData: main
Data:10
与流(Stream)一起使用
查找带有Stream的supplyAsync()的示例。
SupplyAsyncExample4.java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
public class SupplyAsyncExample4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(10, 20, 30);
long count = list.stream().map(n-> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(()-> getDataById(n)))
.map(cf -> cf.thenApply(data -> sendData(data)))
.map(t->t.join()).count();
System.out.println("Number of elements:"+ count);
}
private static String getDataById(int id) {
System.out.println("getDataById: "+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
return "Data:"+ id;
}
private static String sendData(String data) {
System.out.println("sendData: "+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
System.out.println(data);
return data;
}
}
输出
getDataById: ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1
sendData: ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1
Data:10
getDataById: ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1
sendData: ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1
Data:20
getDataById: ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1
sendData: ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-1
Data:30
Number of elements:3
参考文献
【1】CompletableFuture
【2】CompletionStage
【3】Java CompletableFuture supplyAsync()