java操作Excel

JAVA EXCEL API:是一开放源码项目,通过它Java开发人员可以读取Excel文件的内容、创建新的Excel文件、更新已经存在的Excel文件。使用该API非Windows操作系统也可以通过纯Java应用来处理Excel数据表。因为它是使用Java编写的,所以我们在Web应用中可以通过JSP、Servlet来调用API实现对Excel数据表的访问。

下载:

官方网站 http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/ 下载最新版本(本人下的是jexcelapi_2_6_12.tar.gz,解压后将里面的jxl.jar复制到WEB-INF/lib目录下面即可)

Java Excel API的jar包可以通过以下URL获得:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/jexcelapi/files/jexcelapi/2.6.6/jexcelapi_2_6_6.zip/download

(包括所有版本):http://sourceforge.net/projects/jexcelapi/files/

直接下载地址(迅雷上新建任务即可):

http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/jexcelapi/jexcelapi/2.6.6/jexcelapi_2_6_6.zip

一、JSP生成简单的Excel文件

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package beans.excel;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.write.Label;
import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
import jxl.write.WriteException;

public class SimpleExcelWrite {
public void createExcel(OutputStream os) throws WriteException,IOException{
//创建工作薄
WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(os);
//创建新的一页
WritableSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("First Sheet",0);
//创建要显示的内容,创建一个单元格,第一个参数为列坐标,第二个参数为行坐标,第三个参数为内容
Label xuexiao = new Label(0,0,"学校");
sheet.addCell(xuexiao);
Label zhuanye = new Label(1,0,"专业");
sheet.addCell(zhuanye);
Label jingzhengli = new Label(2,0,"专业竞争力");
sheet.addCell(jingzhengli);

Label qinghua = new Label(0,1,"清华大学");
sheet.addCell(qinghua);
Label jisuanji = new Label(1,1,"计算机专业");
sheet.addCell(jisuanji);
Label gao = new Label(2,1,"高");
sheet.addCell(gao);

Label beida = new Label(0,2,"北京大学");
sheet.addCell(beida);
Label falv = new Label(1,2,"法律专业");
sheet.addCell(falv);
Label zhong = new Label(2,2,"中");
sheet.addCell(zhong);

Label ligong = new Label(0,3,"北京理工大学");
sheet.addCell(ligong);
Label hangkong = new Label(1,3,"航空专业");
sheet.addCell(hangkong);
Label di = new Label(2,3,"低");
sheet.addCell(di);

//把创建的内容写入到输出流中,并关闭输出流
workbook.write();
workbook.close();
os.close();
}

}
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SimpleExcelWrite.jsp

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<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gb2312"%>
<%@ page import="java.io.*" %>
<%@ page import="beans.excel.*" %>
<%
String fname = "学校竞争力情况";
OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();//取得输出流
response.reset();//清空输出流

//下面是对中文文件名的处理
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//设置相应内容的编码格式
fname = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(fname,"UTF-8");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+new String(fname.getBytes("UTF-8"),"GBK")+".xls");
response.setContentType("application/msexcel");//定义输出类型
SimpleExcelWrite sw = new SimpleExcelWrite();
sw.createExcel(os);

%>
<html>
<head>

<title></title>

</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>
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二、生成复杂数据格式Excel文件

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package beans.excel;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;

import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.write.Boolean;
import jxl.write.DateFormats;
import jxl.write.DateTime;
import jxl.write.Label;
import jxl.write.Number;
import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat;
import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
import jxl.write.WriteException;

public class ComplexDataExcelWrite {
public void createExcel(OutputStream os) throws WriteException,IOException {
//创建工作薄
WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(os);
//创建新的一页
WritableSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("First Sheet", 0);
//创建要显示的具体内容
Label formate = new Label(0,0,"数据格式");
sheet.addCell(formate);
Label floats = new Label(1,0,"浮点型");
sheet.addCell(floats);
Label integers = new Label(2,0,"整型");
sheet.addCell(integers);
Label booleans = new Label(3,0,"布尔型");
sheet.addCell(booleans);
Label dates = new Label(4,0,"日期格式");
sheet.addCell(dates);

Label example = new Label(0,1,"数据示例");
sheet.addCell(example);
//浮点数据
Number number = new Number(1,1,3.1415926535);
sheet.addCell(number);
//整形数据
Number ints = new Number(2,1,15042699);
sheet.addCell(ints);
Boolean bools = new Boolean(3,1,true);
sheet.addCell(bools);
//日期型数据
Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
Date date = c.getTime();
WritableCellFormat cf1 = new WritableCellFormat(DateFormats.FORMAT1);
DateTime dt = new DateTime(4,1,date,cf1);
sheet.addCell(dt);
//把创建的内容写入到输出流中,并关闭输出流
workbook.write();
workbook.close();
os.close();

}
}
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三、生成复杂布局和样式的Excel文件

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package beans.excel;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;

import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.format.Colour;
import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle;
import jxl.write.Boolean;
import jxl.write.DateFormats;
import jxl.write.DateTime;
import jxl.write.Label;
import jxl.write.Number;
import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat;
import jxl.write.WritableFont;
import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
import jxl.write.WriteException;

public class MutiStyleExcelWrite {
public void createExcel(OutputStream os) throws WriteException,IOException {
//创建工作薄
WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(os);
//创建新的一页
WritableSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("First Sheet", 0);
//构造表头
sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0);//添加合并单元格,第一个参数是起始列,第二个参数是起始行,第三个参数是终止列,第四个参数是终止行
WritableFont bold = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL,10,WritableFont.BOLD);//设置字体种类和黑体显示,字体为Arial,字号大小为10,采用黑体显示
WritableCellFormat titleFormate = new WritableCellFormat(bold);//生成一个单元格样式控制对象
titleFormate.setAlignment(jxl.format.Alignment.CENTRE);//单元格中的内容水平方向居中
titleFormate.setVerticalAlignment(jxl.format.VerticalAlignment.CENTRE);//单元格的内容垂直方向居中
Label title = new Label(0,0,"JExcelApi支持数据类型详细说明",titleFormate);
sheet.setRowView(0, 600, false);//设置第一行的高度
sheet.addCell(title);

//创建要显示的具体内容
WritableFont color = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL);//选择字体
color.setColour(Colour.GOLD);//设置字体颜色为金黄色
WritableCellFormat colorFormat = new WritableCellFormat(color);
Label formate = new Label(0,1,"数据格式",colorFormat);
sheet.addCell(formate);
Label floats = new Label(1,1,"浮点型");
sheet.addCell(floats);
Label integers = new Label(2,1,"整型");
sheet.addCell(integers);
Label booleans = new Label(3,1,"布尔型");
sheet.addCell(booleans);
Label dates = new Label(4,1,"日期格式");
sheet.addCell(dates);

Label example = new Label(0,2,"数据示例",colorFormat);
sheet.addCell(example);
//浮点数据
//设置下划线
WritableFont underline= new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL,WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE,WritableFont.NO_BOLD,false,UnderlineStyle.SINGLE);
WritableCellFormat greyBackground = new WritableCellFormat(underline);
greyBackground.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);//设置背景颜色为灰色
Number number = new Number(1,2,3.1415926535,greyBackground);
sheet.addCell(number);
//整形数据
WritableFont boldNumber = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL,10,WritableFont.BOLD);//黑体
WritableCellFormat boldNumberFormate = new WritableCellFormat(boldNumber);
Number ints = new Number(2,2,15042699,boldNumberFormate);
sheet.addCell(ints);
//布尔型数据
Boolean bools = new Boolean(3,2,true);
sheet.addCell(bools);
//日期型数据
//设置黑体和下划线
WritableFont boldDate = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL,WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE,WritableFont.BOLD,false,UnderlineStyle.SINGLE);
WritableCellFormat boldDateFormate = new WritableCellFormat(boldDate,DateFormats.FORMAT1);
Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
Date date = c.getTime();
DateTime dt = new DateTime(4,2,date,boldDateFormate);
sheet.addCell(dt);
//把创建的内容写入到输出流中,并关闭输出流
workbook.write();
workbook.close();
os.close();

}
}
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四、JSP读取Excel报表

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<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="gb2312"%>
<%@ page import="java.io.File" %>
<%@ page import="jxl.Cell" %>
<%@ page import="jxl.Sheet" %>
<%@ page import="jxl.Workbook" %>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<font size="2">
<%
String fileName = "D:/学校竞争力情况.xls";
File file = new File(fileName);//根据文件名创建一个文件对象
Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(file);//从文件流中取得Excel工作区对象
Sheet sheet = wb.getSheet(0);//从工作区中取得页,取得这个对象的时候既可以用名称来获得,也可以用序号。
String outPut = "";

outPut = outPut + "<b>" + fileName + "</b><br>";
outPut = outPut + "第一个sheet的名称为:" + sheet.getName() + "<br>";
outPut = outPut + "第一个sheet共有:" + sheet.getRows() + "行" + sheet.getColumns() + "列<br>";
outPut = outPut + "具体内容如下:<br>";
for(int i=0; i < sheet.getRows(); i++){
for(int j=0; j < sheet.getColumns(); j++){
Cell cell = sheet.getCell(j,i);
outPut = outPut + cell.getContents() + " ";
}
outPut = outPut + "<br>";
}
out.println(outPut);
%>
</font>
</body>
</html>
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示例1:读取本地Excel文件F:\红楼人物.xls

1. 新建Excel文件F:\红楼人物.xls

内容如下:



2. Java通过jexcelapi包操作excel文件:

//in ExcelOperater

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.InputStream;



import jxl.Cell;

import jxl.CellType;

import jxl.Sheet;

import jxl.Workbook;

import jxl.write.Label;



public class ExcelOperater

{

public static void main(String[] args)

{

jxl.Workbook readwb = null;

try

{

//构建Workbook对象, 只读Workbook对象

//直接从本地文件创建Workbook

InputStream instream = new FileInputStream("F:/红楼人物.xls");

readwb = Workbook.getWorkbook(instream);



//Sheet的下标是从0开始

//获取第一张Sheet表

Sheet readsheet = readwb.getSheet(0);

//获取Sheet表中所包含的总列数

int rsColumns = readsheet.getColumns();

//获取Sheet表中所包含的总行数

int rsRows = readsheet.getRows();

//获取指定单元格的对象引用

for (int i = 0; i < rsRows; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < rsColumns; j++)

{

Cell cell = readsheet.getCell(j, i);

System.out.print(cell.getContents() + " ");

}

System.out.println();

}



//利用已经创建的Excel工作薄,创建新的可写入的Excel工作薄

jxl.write.WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File(

"F:/红楼人物1.xls"), readwb);

//读取第一张工作表

jxl.write.WritableSheet ws = wwb.getSheet(0);

//获得第一个单元格对象

jxl.write.WritableCell wc = ws.getWritableCell(0, 0);

//判断单元格的类型, 做出相应的转化

if (wc.getType() == CellType.LABEL)

{

Label l = (Label) wc;

l.setString("新姓名");

}

//写入Excel对象

wwb.write();

wwb.close();

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

readwb.close();

}

}

}

3. 结果:

① 控制台输出:

人物 等级 大观园位置 金陵十二钗

林黛玉 小姐 潇湘馆 正册

妙玉 世外 栊翠庵 正册

晴雯 丫鬟 怡红院 副册

香菱 妾 蘅芜苑 又副册

② 创建文件F:\红楼人物1.xls



4. 程序解析:

所引用的包:

① Workbook对象,需要jxl.Workbook包;

② InputStream、FileInputStream对象:需要java.io.FileInputStream和java.io.InputStream包。

③ Sheet对象:jxl.Sheet包;注意excel中sheet表单的行列从0开始计数。

④ Cell对象:jxl.Cell包;对单元进行处理

⑤ Label:选择jxl.write.label包

⑥ WritableWorkbook、WritableSheet、WritableCelll对象

实例二:3个功能-----从excel文件F:\红楼人物.xls读取数据;生成新的excel文件F:\红楼人物2.xls;修改原excel一个单元并输出为F:\红楼人物3.xls。

原始文件:F:\红楼人物.xls



运行结果:

① 控制台输出:

人物 等级 大观园位置 金陵十二钗

林黛玉 小姐 潇湘馆 正册

妙玉 世外 栊翠庵 正册

晴雯 丫鬟 怡红院 副册

香菱 妾 蘅芜苑 又副册

② 写入输出Excel文件:F:\红楼人物2.xls



③ 修改输出文件 F:\红楼人物3.xls (加修饰后输出)

示例程序:

//in ExcelHandle

import jxl.*;

import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle;

import jxl.write.*;

import jxl.write.Number;

import jxl.write.Boolean;

import jxl.Cell;



import java.io.*;



public class ExcelHandle

{

public ExcelHandle()

{

}

/***读取Excel*/

public static void readExcel(String filePath)

{

try

{

InputStream is = new FileInputStream(filePath);

Workbook rwb = Workbook.getWorkbook(is);

//这里有两种方法获取sheet表:名字和下标(从0开始)

//Sheet st = rwb.getSheet("original");

Sheet st = rwb.getSheet(0);

/**

//获得第一行第一列单元的值

Cell c00 = st.getCell(0,0);

//通用的获取cell值的方式,返回字符串

String strc00 = c00.getContents();

//获得cell具体类型值的方式

if(c00.getType() == CellType.LABEL)

{

LabelCell labelc00 = (LabelCell)c00;

strc00 = labelc00.getString();

}

//输出

System.out.println(strc00);*/

//Sheet的下标是从0开始

//获取第一张Sheet表

Sheet rst = rwb.getSheet(0);

//获取Sheet表中所包含的总列数

int rsColumns = rst.getColumns();

//获取Sheet表中所包含的总行数

int rsRows = rst.getRows();

//获取指定单元格的对象引用

for (int i = 0; i < rsRows; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < rsColumns; j++)

{

Cell cell = rst.getCell(j, i);

System.out.print(cell.getContents() + " ");

}

System.out.println();

}

//关闭

rwb.close();

}

catch(Exception e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

/**输出Excel*/

public static void writeExcel(OutputStream os)

{

try

{

/** 只能通过API提供的 工厂方法来创建Workbook,而不能使用WritableWorkbook的构造函数,因为类WritableWorkbook的构造函数为 protected类型:方法一:直接从目标文件中读取 WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File(targetfile));方法 二:如下实例所示 将WritableWorkbook直接写入到输出流*/

WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(os);

//创建Excel工作表 指定名称和位置

WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("Test Sheet 1",0);

/**************往工作表中添加数据*****************/

//1.添加Label对象

Label label = new Label(0,0,"测试");

ws.addCell(label);

//添加带有字型Formatting对象

WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES,18,WritableFont.BOLD,true);

WritableCellFormat wcf = new WritableCellFormat(wf);

Label labelcf = new Label(1,0,"this is a label test",wcf);

ws.addCell(labelcf);

//添加带有字体颜色的Formatting对象

WritableFont wfc = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL,10,WritableFont.NO_BOLD,false,

UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE,jxl.format.Colour.DARK_YELLOW);

WritableCellFormat wcfFC = new WritableCellFormat(wfc);

Label labelCF = new Label(1,0,"Ok",wcfFC);

ws.addCell(labelCF);



//2.添加Number对象

Number labelN = new Number(0,1,3.1415926);

ws.addCell(labelN);

//添加带有formatting的Number对象

NumberFormat nf = new NumberFormat("#.##");

WritableCellFormat wcfN = new WritableCellFormat(nf);

Number labelNF = new jxl.write.Number(1,1,3.1415926,wcfN);

ws.addCell(labelNF);



//3.添加Boolean对象

Boolean labelB = new jxl.write.Boolean(0,2,true);

ws.addCell(labelB);

Boolean labelB1 = new jxl.write.Boolean(1,2,false);

ws.addCell(labelB1);

//4.添加DateTime对象

jxl.write.DateTime labelDT = new jxl.write.DateTime(0,3,new java.util.Date());

ws.addCell(labelDT);



//5.添加带有formatting的DateFormat对象

DateFormat df = new DateFormat("dd MM yyyy hh:mm:ss");

WritableCellFormat wcfDF = new WritableCellFormat(df);

DateTime labelDTF = new DateTime(1,3,new java.util.Date(),wcfDF);

ws.addCell(labelDTF);

//6.添加图片对象,jxl只支持png格式图片

File image = new File("f:\\1.png");

WritableImage wimage = new WritableImage(0,4,6,17,image);

ws.addImage(wimage);

//7.写入工作表

wwb.write();

wwb.close();

}

catch(Exception e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

/** 将file1拷贝后,进行修改并创建输出对象file2

* 单元格原有的格式化修饰不能去掉,但仍可将新的单元格修饰加上去,

* 以使单元格的内容以不同的形式表现

*/

public static void modifyExcel(File file1,File file2)

{

try

{

Workbook rwb = Workbook.getWorkbook(file1);

WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(file2,rwb);//copy

WritableFont wfc = new WritableFont(WritableFont.ARIAL,10,WritableFont.NO_BOLD,false,

UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE,jxl.format.Colour.BLUE);

WritableCellFormat wcfFC = new WritableCellFormat(wfc);

WritableSheet ws = wwb.getSheet(0);

WritableCell wc = ws.getWritableCell(0,0);

//判断单元格的类型,做出相应的转换

if(wc.getType() == CellType.LABEL)

{

Label labelCF =new Label(0,0,"人物(新)",wcfFC);

ws.addCell(labelCF);

//Label label = (Label)wc;

//label.setString("被修改");

}

wwb.write();

wwb.close();

rwb.close();

}

catch(Exception e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

//测试

public static void main(String args[])

{

try

{

//读EXCEL

ExcelHandle.readExcel("F:/红楼人物.xls");

//输出EXCEL

File filewrite=new File("F:/红楼人物2.xls");

filewrite.createNewFile();

OutputStream os=new FileOutputStream(filewrite);

ExcelHandle.writeExcel(os);

//修改EXCEL

ExcelHandle.modifyExcel(new File("F:/红楼人物.xls"), new File("F:/红楼人物3.xls"));

}

catch(Exception e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

附:

调用流程如下:

1.打开工作文件Workbook,在此之前先用java的io流创建或者读取文件
2.打开工作表Sheet
3.读行,然后读列。注意,行和列是从零开始的
4.取得数据进行操作


来自网络à读取Excel数据表

第一步:创建Workbook(术语:工作薄)

2种方法:Workbook,就可以通过它来访问Excel Sheet(术语:工作表):

//从输入流创建Workbook读取excel数据表

InputStream is = new FileInputStream(sourcefile);

jxl.Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(is);

//直接从本地文件(.xls)创建Workbook

Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File(excelfile));
一旦创建了

第二步:访问sheet。

2种方法:通过sheet的名称;或者通过下标,下标从0开始。

//获取第一张Sheet表

Sheet rs = workbook.getSheet(0);

一旦得到了Sheet,就可以通过它来访问Excel Cell(术语:单元格)。

第三步:访问单元格cell

//获取第一行,第一列的值

Cell c00 = rs.getCell(0, 0);

String strc00 = c00.getContents();

//获取第一行,第二列的值

Cell c10 = rs.getCell(1, 0);

String strc10 = c10.getContents();

//获取第二行,第二列的值

Cell c11 = rs.getCell(1, 1);

String strc11 = c11.getContents();



System.out.println("Cell(0, 0)" + " value : " + strc00 + "; type : " + c00.getType());

System.out.println("Cell(1, 0)" + " value : " + strc10 + "; type : " + c10.getType());

System.out.println("Cell(1, 1)" + " value : " + strc11 + "; type : " + c11.getType());

第四步:操作数据

如果仅仅是取得Cell的 值,我们可以方便地通过getContents()方法,它可以将任何类型的Cell值都作为一个字符串返回。如果有需要知道Cell内容的确切类型,API也提供了一系列的方法:

String strc00 = null;

double strc10 = 0.00;

Date strc11 = null;

Cell c00 = rs.getCell(0, 0);

Cell c10 = rs.getCell(1, 0);

Cell c11 = rs.getCell(1, 1);

if(c00.getType() == CellType.LABEL)

{

LabelCell labelc00 = (LabelCell)c00;

strc00 = labelc00.getString();

}

if(c10.getType() == CellType.NUMBER)

{

NmberCell numc10 = (NumberCell)c10;

strc10 = numc10.getValue();

}

if(c11.getType() == CellType.DATE)

{

DateCell datec11 = (DateCell)c11;

strc11 = datec11.getDate();

}



System.out.println("Cell(0, 0)" + " value : " + strc00 + "; type : " + c00.getType());

System.out.println("Cell(1, 0)" + " value : " + strc10 + "; type : " + c10.getType());

System.out.println("Cell(1, 1)" + " value : " + strc11 + "; type : " + c11.getType());

在得到

循环取出全部数据,并转化为相应格式:

int rows = sheet.getRows();

for (int i = 1; i < rows; i++) {

Cell cb1 = sheet.getCell(0, i);

Cell cb2 = sheet.getCell(1, i);

Cell num3 = sheet.getCell(2, i);

Cell num4 = sheet.getCell(3, i);



String user = "";

String rule = "";

int numNew = 0;

int numEdit = 0;

if (cb1.getType() == CellType.LABEL) {

LabelCell lc = (LabelCell) cb1;

user = lc.getString();

}

if (cb2.getType() == CellType.LABEL) {

LabelCell lc = (LabelCell) cb2;

rule = lc.getString();

}

if (num3.getType() == CellType.NUMBER_FORMULA) {

NumberFormulaCell nc = (NumberFormulaCell) num3;

try {

numNew = Double.valueOf(nc.getFormula()).intValue();

} catch (FormulaException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

if (num4.getType() == CellType.NUMBER_FORMULA) {

NumberFormulaCell nc = (NumberFormulaCell) num4;

try {

numEdit = Double.valueOf(nc.getFormula()).intValue();

} catch (FormulaException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

第五步:关闭对象,释放内存。

完成对Excel电子表格数据的处理后,一定要使用close()方法来关闭先前创建的对象,以释放读取数据表的过程中所占用的内存空间,在读取大量数据时显得尤为重要。

Cell对象后,通过 getType()方法可以获得该单元格的类型,然后与API提供的基本类型相匹配,强制转换成相应的类型,最后调用相应的取值方法getXXX(),就可以得到确定类型的值。
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