UIView-iOS初学

UIView

初始化UIView

//Typical code ...
- (void)setup { ... }
- (void)awakeFromNib { [self setup]; } - (id)initWithFrame:(CGRect)aRect
{
    self = [super initWithFrame:aRect];
    [self setup];
    return self;
}

View 结构体

CGFloat

CGPoint：包含X、Y坐标

CGSize：包含宽度、高度

CGRect：包含以上两个CG。

CGRect aRect = CGRectMake(45.0, 75.5, 300, 500);

绘制的是“点”，不是像素。

@property CGFloat contentScaleFactor; //返回一个点是多少像素

View B’s bounds = ((0,0),(200,250))

View B’s frame = ((140,65),(320,320)) 

View B’s center = (300,225)

创建UIView

示例：创建一个label

CGRect labelRect = CGRectMake(20, 20, 50, 30);
UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:labelRect]; label.text = @”Hello!”;
[self.view addSubview:label]; // Note self.view!

永远不要调用drawRect:

- (void)setNeedsDisplay;
- (void)setNeedsDisplayInRect:(CGRect)aRect;

实现drawRect

Core Graphics 基础流程 : 

上下文（绘制位置） 

CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();

创建路径

设置字体和颜色等

填充描边

UIBezierPath 封装了上面所有东西。不用担心上下文

示例画一个三角形：

//初始化
UIBezierPath *path = [[UIBezierPath alloc] init];
//先找到第一个点，然后画两条线
[path moveToPoint:CGPointMake(75, 10)];
[path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(160, 150)];
[path addLineToPoint:CGPointMake(10, 150]);
Close the path (connects the last point back to the first) [path closePath]; // 关闭曲线，画第三条线

画完以上这些，还不能显示，需要[path fill] [path stroke] 才真正显示

其他函数：

path.lineWidth = 2.0; // line width in points (not pixels)

UIBezierPath *roundedRect = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithRoundedRect:(CGRect)bounds cornerRadius:(CGFloat)radius];//圆角矩形

UIBezierPath *oval = [UIBezierPath bezierPathWithOvalInRect:(CGRect)bounds];//椭圆形

透明度

UIView 默认是白色的

//set @property BOOL opaque to NO

@property CGFloat alpha//透明度

subView是一个NSArray，[0]在最下面。

压入 取出

- (void)drawGreenCircle:(CGContextRef)ctxt {
    CGContextSaveGState(ctxt);
    [[UIColor greenColor] setFill];
// draw my circle
    CGContextRestoreGState(ctxt);
}

- (void)drawRect:(CGRect)aRect {
    CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
    [[UIColor redColor] setFill];
// do some stuff
    [self drawGreenCircle:context];
// do more stuff and expect fill color to be red
}

绘制文本

//在p点写text文本
NSAttributedString *text = ...;
[text drawAtPoint:(CGPoint)p];
//文本大小
CGSize textSize = [text size];

绘制图像

创建图像

//1
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@“foo.jpg”]; // you did this in Matchismo 

//2 Or create one from a named file or from raw data
UIImage *image = [[UIImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)fullPath];
UIImage *image = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:(NSData *)imageData];

//3 Or you can even create one by drawing with CGContext functions
UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(CGSize);// draw with CGContext functions
UIImage *myImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentContext();
UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

显示图像

UIImage *image = ...;
[image drawAtPoint:(CGPoint)p];  // p是图片左上角坐标
[image drawInRect:(CGRect)r];  // r是图片大小
[image drawAsPatternInRect:(CGRect)patRect;  // 平铺图像，重复

Bounds 改变

当添加导航栏或旋转时，bounds被压缩或改变。默认情况下视图会拉伸。但是我们希望重绘。

@property (nonatomic) UIViewContentMode contentMode;
UIViewContentMode{Left,Right,Top,Right,BottomLeft,BottomRight,TopLeft,TopRight}
UIViewContentModeScale{ToFill,AspectFill,AspectFit} // bit stretching/shrinking
UIViewContentModeRedraw//calls drawRect: to redraw

属性

@property (nonatomic,strong) UITextField        *usernameTextField;

self.usernameTextField = usernameTextField;

设置成属性，再把新建的控件赋值给属性。之后可以在其他消息中使用这个属性。