PHP 数组
- 使用 array() 创建数组
- 类型:索引数组、关联数组
索引数组
- 语法:array(element1, element2, …)
- 访问元素:$arr[index]
- count() 返回数组长度
示例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Indexed Array</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="well">
<?php
$fav_langs = array('PHP', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Go');
echo 'My favorite programming languages are ' . $fav_langs[0];
$arrlength = count($fav_langs);
for ($i = 1; $i < $arrlength - 1; ++$i) {
echo ', ' . $fav_langs[$i];
}
echo ' and ' . $fav_langs[$arrlength - 1] . '<br>';
?>
</div>
</body>
</html>
关联数组
- 关联数组类似 Map,存放键值对
- 语法:array(key1=>value1, key2=>value2, …)
- 访问元素:$arr[key]
使用 foreach 遍历关联数组:
foreach($arr as $key => $value) { // do something using $key and $value }
示例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Associative Array</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="well">
<?php
$fav_colors = array('red'=>'#FF0000', 'green'=>'#00FF00', 'blue'=>'#0000FF');
foreach ($fav_colors as $color => $value) {
echo '<span style="color:' . $value . '">' . $color . ': ' . $value . '</span><br>';
}
?>
</div>
</body>
</html>
打印数组
- 使用 print_r() 打印数组
数组排序
函数 | 说明 |
---|---|
short() | 数组升序排序 |
rsort() | 数组降序排序 |
asort() | 关联数组按值升序排序 |
ksort() | 关联数组按键升序排序 |
arsort() | 关联数组按值降序排序 |
krsort() | 关联数组按键降序排序 |
示例:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Sorting Arrays</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="well">
<?php
function print_indexed_arr($arr) {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); ++$i) {
echo $arr[$i] . ' ';
}
}
function print_associative_arr($arr) {
foreach ($arr as $color => $value) {
echo $color . '=>' . $value . ' ';
}
}
echo '<h2>Sorting indexed array</h2>';
$fav_langs = array('PHP', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Go');
echo 'origin:<br>';
print_indexed_arr($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
sort($fav_langs);
echo 'ascending order:<br>';
print_indexed_arr($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
rsort($fav_langs);
echo 'descending order:<br>';
print_indexed_arr($fav_langs);
echo '<br><br>';
echo '<h2>Sorting associative array</h2>';
$fav_colors = array('red'=>'#FF0000', 'chocolate'=>'#D2691E', 'green'=>'#00FF00', 'blue'=>'#0000FF');
echo 'origin:<br>';
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
asort($fav_colors);
echo 'ascending order by value:<br>';
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
ksort($fav_colors);
echo 'ascending order by key:<br>';
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
arsort($fav_colors);
echo 'descending order by value:<br>';
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
krsort($fav_colors);
echo 'descending order by key:<br>';
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
?>
</div>
</body>
</html>
数组的增删改
修改元素的值
- 修改索引数组元素的值:
$arr[index] = newValue;
,index 从 0 开始 - 修改关联数组元素的值:
$arr[keyName] = newValue;
示例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Array Modification</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="well">
<?php
function print_indexed_arr($arr) {
for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); ++$i) {
echo $arr[$i] . ' ';
}
}
function print_associative_arr($arr) {
foreach ($arr as $color => $value) {
echo $color . '=>' . $value . ' ';
}
}
// 修改索引数组中的元素
echo('<h2>Indexed Array Modification</h2>');
$fav_langs = array('PHP', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Go');
echo('origin:<br>');
print_indexed_arr($fav_langs);
echo('<br>');
$fav_langs[1] = 'C/C++'; // 修改第2个元素的值
$fav_langs[4] = 'Golang'; // 修改第5个元素的值
echo('after modification:<br>');
print_indexed_arr($fav_langs);
echo('<br>');
// 修改关联数组中的元素
echo('<h2>Associative Array Modification</h2>');
$fav_colors = array('red'=>'#FF0000', 'green'=>'#00FF00', 'blue'=>'#0000FF');
echo('origin:<br>');
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo('<br>');
$fav_colors['red'] = '#EE0000'; // 修改key为'red'的元素的值
$fav_colors['green'] = '#00EE00'; // 修改key为'green'的元素的值
$fav_colors['blue'] = '#0000EE'; // 修改key为'blue'的元素的值
echo('after modification:<br>');
print_associative_arr($fav_colors);
echo('<br>');
?>
</div>
</body>
</html>
增加元素
增加元素到索引数组
函数 | 说明 |
---|---|
array_push(array,value1,value2…) | 插入元素到数组末尾,不能应用于关联数组 |
array_unshift(array,value1,value2…) | 插入元素到数组开头,不能应用于关联数组 |
增加元素到关联数组
$arr['newKey'] = value
示例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Inserting Element to Array</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="well">
<?php
echo '<h2>Inserting Elements to Indexed Array</h2>';
$fav_langs = array('PHP', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Go');
echo 'origin:<br>';
print_r($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
echo 'Push element to back:<br>';
array_push($fav_langs, 'C#', 'VB'); // 追加元素到末尾
print_r($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
echo 'Insert element to front:<br>';
array_unshift($fav_langs, 'Perl', 'R'); // 插入元素到开头
print_r($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
echo '<h2>Inserting Elements to Associative Array</h2>';
$fav_colors = array('red'=>'#FF0000', 'green'=>'#00FF00', 'blue'=>'#0000FF');
echo 'origin:<br>';
print_r($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
$fav_colors['yellow'] = '#FFFF00'; // 插入元素到关联数组
echo 'After insert element:<br>';
print_r($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
?>
</div>
</body>
</html>
删除元素
函数 | 说明 |
---|---|
array_pop(array) | 删除末尾元素,返回删除的元素 |
array_shift(array) | 删除开头元素,返回删除的元素 |
示例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<title>Removing Element from Array</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="well">
<?php
echo '<h2>Removing Elements from Indexed Array</h2>';
$fav_langs = array('PHP', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'Go');
echo 'origin:<br>';
print_r($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
$e = array_pop($fav_langs); // 删除末尾元素
echo 'Removed last: ' . $e . '<br>';
print_r($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
$e = array_shift($fav_langs); // 删除开头元素
echo 'Removed front: ' . $e . '<br>';
print_r($fav_langs);
echo '<br>';
echo '<h2>Removing Elements from Associative Array</h2>';
$fav_colors = array('red'=>'#FF0000', 'green'=>'#00FF00', 'blue'=>'#0000FF');
echo 'origin:<br>';
print_r($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
$e = array_pop($fav_colors); // 删除末尾元素
echo 'Removed last: ' . $e . '<br>';
print_r($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
$e = array_shift($fav_colors); // 删除开头元素
echo 'Removed front: ' . $e . '<br>';
print_r($fav_colors);
echo '<br>';
?>
</div>
</body>
</html>