Linux自启动服务失败问题原因

1.查看自己服务具体错误信息

systemctl status zk_exporter

2.使用systemctl列出启动失败的服务

• （1）列出启动失败的服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl list-units --state failed
  UNIT          LOAD   ACTIVE SUB    DESCRIPTION
● httpd.service loaded failed failed The Apache HTTP Server

LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.

1 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.


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查看服务的状态是否打开,一般好像也没啥用，直接输入：chkconfig，也会有systemctl list-unit-file提示，若忘记，可以这么操作
systemctl list-unit-file --type=services|grep -i http

启动，关闭httpd服务，查看httpd服务状态
systemctl start httpd
systemctl stop httpd
systemctl status httpd

• chkconfig增加一个服务

1.服务脚本必须存放在/etc/ini.d/目录下；
2.chkconfig –add servicename
在chkconfig工具服务列表中增加此服务，此时服务会被在/etc/rc.d/rcN.d中赋予K/S入口了；
3.chkconfig –level 35 mysqld on
修改服务的默认启动等级。


chkconfig –list        #列出所有的系统服务
chkconfig –add httpd        #增加httpd服务
chkconfig –del httpd        #删除httpd服务
chkconfig –level httpd 2345 on        #设置httpd在运行级别为2、3、4、5的情况下都是on（开启）的状态
chkconfig –list        #列出系统所有的服务启动情况
chkconfig –list mysqld        #列出mysqld服务设置情况
chkconfig –level 35 mysqld on        #设定mysqld在等级3和5为开机运行服务，–level 35表示操作只在等级3和5执行，on表示启动，off表示关闭
chkconfig mysqld on        #设定mysqld在各等级为on，“各等级”包括2、3、4、5等级

等级runlevel含义，可以看：（16）linux知识点扩展

参考：Linux下chkconfig命令详解

• （2）is-failed选项
  可以使用is-failed选项检查指定的服务是否启动失败。如果启动失败，结果是failed。如果启动没有问题，结果是active。

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl is-failed httpd
failed
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl is-failed vsftpd
active

• （3）检查服务的状态
  可以使用status选项，查看服务启动失败的原因，下面状态信息里面告诉我们，是httpd.conf配置文件354行有语法错误。

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2020-05-26 09:22:05 CST; 18min ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 2958 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

May 26 09:22:05 localhost systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
May 26 09:22:05 localhost httpd[2958]: httpd: Syntax error on line 354 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: /...osed.
May 26 09:22:05 localhost systemd[1]: httpd.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
May 26 09:22:05 localhost kill[2959]: kill: cannot find process ""
May 26 09:22:05 localhost systemd[1]: httpd.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
May 26 09:22:05 localhost systemd[1]: Failed to start The Apache HTTP Server.
May 26 09:22:05 localhost systemd[1]: Unit httpd.service entered failed state.
May 26 09:22:05 localhost systemd[1]: httpd.service failed.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

• （4）使用journalctl查看服务的启动日志
  如果使用systemctl status [unit]没有找到服务启动失败的原因，可以使用journalctl查看更多的启动日志。

下面操作是过滤出所有带有error的行，可以找到启动失败的服务。
[root@localhost ~]# journalctl |grep 'fail'

[root@localhost ~]# journalctl |grep 'error'
May 26 09:22:05 localhost httpd[2958]: httpd: Syntax error on line 354 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:354:  was not closed.

• （5）也可以使用journalctl -u [unit]只查看某一个服务的启动日志：

[root@localhost ~]# journalctl -u httpd.service 
-- Logs begin at Sun 2020-05-24 06:52:52 CST, end at Tue 2020-05-26 09:48:03 CST. --
May 26 09:22:05 localhost systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
May 26 09:22:05 localhost httpd[2958]: httpd: Syntax error on line 354 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:354:  was not closed.
May 26 09:22:05 localhost systemd[1]: httpd.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
May 26 09:22:05 localhost kill[2959]: kill: cannot find process ""
May 26 09:22:05 localhost systemd[1]: httpd.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
May 26 09:22:05 localhost systemd[1]: Failed to start The Apache HTTP Server.
May 26 09:22:05 localhost systemd[1]: Unit httpd.service entered failed state.
May 26 09:22:05 localhost systemd[1]: httpd.service failed.

#过滤出有错误的信息。
[root@localhost ~]# journalctl -u httpd.service |grep 'error'
May 26 09:22:05 localhost httpd[2958]: httpd: Syntax error on line 354 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:354:  was not closed.

3.systemctl命令列出所有服务

列出所有service
systemctl list-units --type=service
systemctl --type=service

watchdog.service                                                                          loaded active running watchdog daemon


查看某个service状态
 service watchdog  status

• 参考：linux 自启动 失败问题原因查找，CentOS7中使用systemctl列出启动失败的服务， systemctl命令列出所有服务