Python 字典操作 总结

字典

增

team={}#创建字典
team['aaa']=1#往字典里添加元素
team['bbb']=2

team.keys()
dict_keys(['aaa', 'bbb'])

'aaa' in team.keys()
True
'la' in team.keys()
False

team.values()
dict_values([1, 2])
3 in team.values()
False
2 in team.values()
True

删

>>>team.pop('aaa')#删除指定key的键值对，返回对应的值，这是在命令行里的写法，不在命令行里想获取pop弹出的值可见片段2
1
>>>team
{'bbb': 2}
>>>team['ccc']=3
>>>team
{'bbb': 2, 'ccc': 3}
>>>team.clear()#把所有键值对都删除
>>>team
{}

#片段2：
team={}
team['aaa']=1
team['bbb']=2
temp=team.pop('aaa')

>>>team
{'bbb': 2}
>>>temp
1

改

team={}
team['aaa']=1
team['bbb']=2
print(team)
team['bbb']='ccc'#直接这样改就好了
print("After modify",team)

输出：
{'aaa': 1, 'bbb': 2}
After modify {'aaa': 1, 'bbb': 'ccc'}

查

按key查

team={}
team['aaa']=1
team['bbb']=2
#按key查 .get()的用法
avalue=team.get('aaa')#按照key查找
print("avalue is",avalue)
print("type of avalue is",type(avalue))

cvalue=team.get('c')#如果没有这个key,返回的是None
print("cvalue is",cvalue)
print("type of cvalue is",type(cvalue))
print(cvalue is None)
#结果如下：
avalue is 1
type of avalue is <class 'int'>
cvalue is None
type of cvalue is <class 'NoneType'>
True

#setdefault的用法：按key查找并返回对应的value，如果key存在，返回对应值；如果key不存在，创建对应的key-value(value是None) 这也是和.get()方法不同的地方
print(team.setdefault('aaa'))#直接这样写
print(team)
print(team.setdefault('eee'))
print(team)
#结果如下：
1
{'aaa': 1, 'bbb': 2}
None
{'aaa': 1, 'bbb': 2, 'eee': None}

#按key查，python2里.has_key()的用法
#!/usr/bin/python

dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7}
print "Value : %s" %  dict.has_key('Age')
print "Value : %s" %  dict.has_key('Sex')
#输出为
Value : True
Value : False

#按key查，python3里.__contains__()
dict3 = {'name':'z','Age':7,'class':'First'};
print("Value : ",dict3.__contains__('name'))
print("Value : ",dict3.__contains__('sex'))
#输出结果
Value :  True
Value :  False

#按key查，.keys()是不能被下标索引的
>>>team.keys()
dict_keys(['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc'])
type(team.keys())
<class 'dict_keys'>
team.keys()[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'dict_keys' object does not support indexing

team.keys()
dict_keys(['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc'])
'aaa' in team.keys()
True
'aaa ' in team.keys()
False
'b' in team.keys()
False

按value查

team.values()
dict_values([1, 2, 3])
1 in team.values()
True
'1' in team.values()
False

遍历 .items() 旧貌新颜

在Python2.x中，items( )用于 返回一个字典的拷贝列表【Returns a copy of the list of all items (key/value pairs) in D】，占额外的内存。
iteritems() 用于返回本身字典列表操作后的迭代【Returns an iterator on all items(key/value pairs) in D】，不占用额外的内存。

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
#Python2
a={'aaa':1,'bbb':2}
print a.keys() #['aaa', 'bbb']
print a.items()#[('aaa', 1), ('bbb', 2)]
print type(a.items())#<type 'list'>
print a.iteritems()#<dictionary-itemiterator object at 0x7f325524d940>
print type(a.iteritems())#<type 'dictionary-itemiterator'>
print '-------------------------------'
for k,v in a.iteritems():
    print k,v
-------------------------------
#aaa 1
#bbb 2
for k,v in a.items(): #Python2和Python3公用的遍历用万能写法
    print k,v
#aaa 1
#bbb 2

#!/usr/bin/python
#Python3
a={'aaa':1,'bbb':2}
print (a.keys())#dict_keys(['aaa', 'bbb'])
print(type(a.keys()))#<class 'dict_keys'>
print (a.items())#dict_items([('aaa', 1), ('bbb', 2)])
print (type(a.items()))#<class 'dict_items'>
print (a.iteritems())#语法错误，python3就没有iteritems()
print (type(a.iteritems()))
print ('-------------------------------')
for k,v in a.iteritems():#Python2和Python3公用的遍历用万能写法
    print (k,v)
#aaa 1
#bbb 2

Python 3.x 里面，iteritems() 和 viewitems() 这两个方法都已经废除了，而 items() 得到的结果是和 2.x 里面 viewitems() 一致的。在3.x 里 用 items()替换iteritems() ，可以用于 for 来循环遍历。

team={}
team['aaa']=1
team['bbb']=2
team['ccc']=3

print("team.items type is ",type(team.items()))
for i in team.items():
    print(i)
    print(type(i))
print("----------------------------------")
for i in team.items():
    print ("key is ",i[0],"value is",i[1])
print("----------------------------------")
for i,j in team.items():
    print ("key is ",i,"value is",j)

#结果：
team.items type is  <class 'dict_items'>
('aaa', 1)
<class 'tuple'>
('bbb', 2)
<class 'tuple'>
('ccc', 3)
<class 'tuple'>
----------------------------------
key is  aaa value is 1
key is  bbb value is 2
key is  ccc value is 3
----------------------------------
key is  aaa value is 1
key is  bbb value is 2
key is  ccc value is 3

for key in team.__iter__():
     print (key)
#结果
aaa
bbb
ccc

>>>type(team.__iter__())
<class 'dict_keyiterator'>

python3里好像没有iteritems(),iterkeys(),itervalues()了


#只遍历key或者只遍历value
>>>type(team.keys())
<class 'dict_keys'>
>>>team.keys()
dict_keys(['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc'])
>>>type(team.values())
<class 'dict_values'>
>>>team.values()
dict_values([1, 2, 3])

for i in team.values():
    print (i)

1
2
3

以另一个字典来更新当前字典：永结同心

team={}
team['aaa']=1
team['bbb']=2
team['ccc']=3

mate={}
mate['ccc']=4
mate['ddd']=5
team.update(mate)
#结果
>>>team
{'aaa': 1, 'bbb': 2, 'ccc': 4, 'ddd': 5}

排序

万能写法 python2 python3通用 对整个字典按key或value排序

#python2 python3通用，结果一样
team={}
team['bb']=3
team['cc']=1
team['aa']=2

def sortedDictValues1(adict):
     a=sorted(adict.items(), key=lambda d: d[0])#d[1]是根据value排序，d[0]是根据key排序
     #     a=sorted(adict.items(), key=lambda d: d[0],reverse=True) 反序带reverse
     return a
print(team)
temp=sortedDictValues1(team)
print(temp)
print(team)
#结果
{'bb': 3, 'cc': 1, 'aa': 2}
[('aa', 2), ('bb', 3), ('cc', 1)]
{'bb': 3, 'cc': 1, 'aa': 2}

对key排序 sorted(),不修改原字典

#python3
#!/usr/bin/python
team={}
team['bb']=3
team['cc']=1
team['aa']=2
print(team)
print(sorted(team.keys()))
print(team)
print(sorted(team.values()))
print(team)

{'bb': 3, 'cc': 1, 'aa': 2}
['aa', 'bb', 'cc']
{'bb': 3, 'cc': 1, 'aa': 2}
[1, 2, 3]
{'bb': 3, 'cc': 1, 'aa': 2}

例题 微软2019实习生笔试第四题

题目意思是
一共有numOfKids那么多小朋友，每个小朋友有一个编号，从0开始编，每个小朋友还有一个力量值
有个箱子里面有cardDrawn那么多张卡片
每张卡片上有两个数，代表两个小朋友的编号，一张卡片上的两个小朋友就分到一队
如果没有被卡片抽到的小朋友，就自成一队
求所有队伍里力量值最大的一队

numOfKids=6
cardDrawn=3
teamPair=[[1,2],[2,3],[4,5]]
strength=[11,2,3,15,8,22]
def func(numOfKids,cardDrawn,teamPair,strength):
    teaminfo = {}  # {1: 0, 2: 0, 3: 0, 4: 1, 5: 1} #记录每个人 与 其所在队伍号
    team_strength_map = {}  # 记录了每个队伍的队伍号，与该队伍成员的strength和 的对应关系
    teamNo=0#初始化队伍号，从0开始
    for onePair in teamPair:
        print(onePair)
        FirstPerson=teaminfo.setdefault(onePair[0])
        SecondPerson=teaminfo.setdefault(onePair[1])
        if FirstPerson is None and SecondPerson is None:#如果两个人都没被分组，那么为该二人新建一个队伍号
            print("Double None")
            teaminfo[onePair[0]]=teamNo
            teaminfo[onePair[1]]=teamNo
            team_strength_map[teamNo]=strength[onePair[0]]+strength[onePair[1]]
            teamNo=teamNo+1
        if FirstPerson is None and SecondPerson is not None:#如果第一个人还没分组
            print("First None")
            teaminfo[onePair[0]]=teaminfo[onePair[1]]#把第二个人的组赋给第一个人的组
            team_strength_map[teaminfo[onePair[1]]] +=  strength[onePair[0]]#第二个人所在组的strength就加上第一个人贡献的strength
        if SecondPerson is None and FirstPerson is not None:#如果第二个人还没分组
            print("Second None")
            teaminfo[onePair[1]]=teaminfo[onePair[0]]#把第一个人的组赋给第二个人的组
            team_strength_map[teaminfo[onePair[0]]] += strength[onePair[1]]#第一个人所在组的strength就加上第二个人贡献的strength
    #print(teaminfo)
    #print(team_strength_map)
    tempMax=max(team_strength_map.values())
    for i in range(0,numOfKids):#遍历所有小朋友，寻找可怜的没有被分到组的小朋友非常有力量，可能是实际上的最大值
        if i not in teaminfo.keys():
             if strength[i]>tempMax:
                 tempMax=strength[i]
    print("FinalStrengthMax is",tempMax)
    return  tempMax
result=func(numOfKids,cardDrawn,teamPair,strength)