linux-查看硬盘信息命令

Linux查看硬盘信息的几种命令包括df、du、lsblk、fdisk、smartctl。

一、 df命令

df -h 是最常见的磁盘查看命令。它可以显示文件系统的总大小、已用空间、可用空间和挂载点等信息。

[root@FZCTP-DB ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root  110G   46G   65G  42% /
/dev/mapper/centos-data  1.9T  1.5T  389G  80% /data
/dev/vda2               1014M  196M  819M  20% /boot
/dev/vdb1                1.0T   14G 1011G   2% /backup
tmpfs                     41G   12G   30G  29% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     32G  2.2G   30G   7% /run
tmpfs                     32G     0   32G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs                    6.3G   40K  6.3G   1% /run/user/0
tmpfs                    6.3G     0  6.3G   0% /run/user/1001
/dev/sr0                 4.3G  4.3G     0 100% /mnt/cdrom
devtmpfs                  32G     0   32G   0% /dev

“Size”表示文件系统总大小，“Used”表示已使用大小，“Avail”表示可用空间linux启动盘制作工具，“Use%”表示已使用百分比

二、du 命令

du命令是用于查看目录或文件占用磁盘空间的命令。

常用命令和选项，统计当前目录下的文件和目录占用空间

[root@FZCTP-DB ~]# du -sh *
4.0K    anaconda-ks.cfg
4.0K    Desktop
4.0K    Documents
20K     Downloads
64K     install.log
12K     install.log.syslog
11G     logs
4.0K    Music
4.0K    Pictures
4.0K    Public
436K    soft

-s, --summarize                        仅显示总计，只列出最后加总的值。
-h, --human-readable                   以K，M，G为单位，提高信息的可读性。

常看指定目录下所有文件的大小（会遍历所有文件）

[root@FZCTP-DB tomcat]# du -h  apache-tomcat-9.0.36/
6.5M    apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/java/applets
16K     apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/java/WEB-INF/classes/com/bstek/dorado/uploader/resolver
20K     apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/java/WEB-INF/classes/com/bstek/dorado/uploader
16K     apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/java/WEB-INF/classes/com/bstek/dorado/view/output
20K     apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/java/WEB-INF/classes/com/bstek/dorado/view/resolver
48K     apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/java/WEB-INF/classes/com/bstek/dorado/view
12K     apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/java/WEB-INF/classes/com/bstek/dorado/web/resolver
16K     apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/java/WEB-INF/classes/com/bstek/dorado/web
88K     apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/java/WEB-INF/classes/com/bstek/dorado
36K     apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/java/WEB-INF/classes/com/bstek/bdf2/export/excel
12K     apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/java/WEB-INF/classes/com/bstek/bdf2/export/csv
8.0K    apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/java/WEB-INF/classes/com/bstek/bdf2/export/pdf/model

将文件从大到小排序

du -sh *  |sort -rh

三、lsblk命令

lsblk该命令可以列出系统中所有块设备（如硬盘、SSD 等）的信息，包括设备名称、容量、挂载点等。通过这个命令可以方便地了解系统硬件配置和磁盘分区情况。

[root@FZCTP-DB ~]# lsblk
NAME                                MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                                   8:0    0 558.9G  0 disk 
|-sda1                                8:1    0   500M  0 part /boot/efi
|-sda2                                8:2    0   500M  0 part /boot
`-sda3                                8:3    0 557.9G  0 part 
  |-vg_fzctpdb-LogVol00_swap (dm-0) 253:0    0    64G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  |-vg_fzctpdb-LogVol04_root (dm-1) 253:1    0 453.9G  0 lvm  /
  |-vg_fzctpdb-LogVol03_var (dm-2)  253:2    0    20G  0 lvm  /var
  |-vg_fzctpdb-LogVol02_usr (dm-3)  253:3    0    10G  0 lvm  /usr
  `-vg_fzctpdb-LogVol01_tmp (dm-4)  253:4    0    10G  0 lvm  /tmp

四、fdisk命令

fdisk 命令可以显示系统中所有硬盘的分区情况，包括分区类型、容量、起始位置等信息。通过这个命令可以查看系统磁盘的物理结构和分布情况。

[root@FZ-DB ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 600.1 GB, 600093712384 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 72957 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1       72958   586029015+  ee  GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_fzctpdb-LogVol00_swap: 68.7 GB, 68719476736 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8354 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_fzctpdb-LogVol04_root: 487.4 GB, 487369736192 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 59252 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_fzctpdb-LogVol03_var: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_fzctpdb-LogVol02_usr: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


Disk /dev/mapper/vg_fzctpdb-LogVol01_tmp: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 262144 bytes / 262144 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

五、smartctl命令

smartctl命令是用于检测硬盘健康状态并显示相关信息的命令。它可以显示硬盘的温度、寿命预测、错误记录等信息。

[root@FZ-DB ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 5.43 2016-09-28 r4347 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net

Vendor:               HP      
Product:              LOGICAL VOLUME  
Revision:             5.52
User Capacity:        600,093,712,384 bytes [600 GB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Logical Unit id:      0x600508b1001c13ef256161d9825110ea
Serial number:        PDNLH0BRH981LP  
Device type:          disk
Local Time is:        Wed Jun 19 10:24:12 2024 CST
Device supports SMART and is Enabled
Temperature Warning Disabled or Not Supported
SMART Health Status: OK

Error Counter logging not supported
Device does not support Self Test logging

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https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/688628108