Python 画 直方图/条形图/柱状图

1.单个条形图并显示数字

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

name_list = ['lambda=0', 'lambda=0.05', 'lambda=0.1', 'lambda=0.5']
num_list = [52.4, 57.8, 59.1, 54.6]
rects=plt.bar(range(len(num_list)), num_list, color='rgby')
# X轴标题
index=[0,1,2,3]
index=[float(c)+0.4 for c in index]
plt.ylim(ymax=80, ymin=0)
plt.xticks(index, name_list)
plt.ylabel("arrucay(%)") #X轴标签
for rect in rects:
    height = rect.get_height()
    plt.text(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height, str(height)+'%', ha='center', va='bottom')
plt.show()

2.画对比条形图中文显示标注并保存为图片

import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use('Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# 必须配置中文字体，否则会显示成方块
# 注意所有希望图表显示的中文必须为unicode格式
custom_font = mpl.font_manager.FontProperties(fname='zh.ttf')

font_size = 10 # 字体大小
fig_size = (8, 6) # 图表大小

names = (u'直接作差', u'优化后') # 姓名
subjects = (u'时间/秒(每预测100张图片)', u'精度/百分比') # 科目
scores = ((65.2, 52.4), (40.5, 76.8)) # 成绩

# 更新字体大小
mpl.rcParams['font.size'] = font_size
# 更新图表大小
mpl.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = fig_size
# 设置柱形图宽度
bar_width = 0.30

index = np.arange(len(scores[0]))
# 绘制「小明」的成绩
rects1 = plt.bar(index, scores[0], bar_width, color='#0072BC', label=names[0])
# 绘制「小红」的成绩
rects2 = plt.bar(index + bar_width, scores[1], bar_width, color='#ED1C24', label=names[1])
# X轴标题
plt.xticks(index + bar_width, subjects, fontproperties=custom_font)
# Y轴范围
plt.ylim(ymax=100, ymin=0)
# 图表标题
plt.title(u'改进前后对比', fontproperties=custom_font)
# 图例显示在图表下方
plt.legend(loc='upper center', bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, -0.03), fancybox=True, ncol=5, prop=custom_font)

# 添加数据标签
def add_labels(rects):
    for rect in rects:
        height = rect.get_height()
        plt.text(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height, height, ha='center', va='bottom')
        # 柱形图边缘用白色填充，纯粹为了美观
        rect.set_edgecolor('white')

add_labels(rects1)
add_labels(rects2)

# 图表输出到本地
plt.savefig('scores_par.png')
plt.show()